SAMUEL MARMADUKE WHITSIDE 1839-1904

Descendants of Samuel Marmaduke Whitside

FIRST GENERATION

1. Samuel Marmaduke Whitside Brigadier General1 was born on Jan 9 1839 in Ireland. He Milit-Beg between 1858 and 1902. He was buried in Dec 1904 in VA, USA. He died on Dec 15 1904 in Washington, DC. He has reference number 256. He appeared on the census.2 CENSUS: 1851 Census he is shown as a clerk, 21 yrs of age, living with
William L. Sovereen who was a storekeeper. born Ireland, religion is
shown as Episcopalian SAMUEL MARMADUKE WHITSIDE (1839- 1904)

BRIGADIER -- U.S. ARMY

Researching Samuel Marmaduke Whitside has led me to one conclusion. There seems to be a number of discrepancies in Samuels background. As an example he claimed he was the Commander of Fort Riley, which was technically true, but he forgot to add that this was for 2 separate one month periods, while his commanding officer, Colonel Forsyth was on
leave.
The biggest problem is a write up in "Who's Who in The United States , " on General Samuel Whitside. This states Samuel's father was a United States Consul, however I have researched all State Dept. employee list in books in The National Archive in Washington and there is no record of William Whitside. I have also a letter dated July 18, 1990 from Sally M.
Marks of the National Archives in Washington. They had done a search of the U.S. Consuls in Toronto as well as the State Department Letters Of application and Recommendation for Public Office in addition to my personal search. They did not find any reference to W. H. Whitside
On the other side I have the front page of the original family Bible of W. H. Whitside (1809 - 1856) and Sam is listed after his older brothers, William, James, David and a younger sister Sarian. All are in the same hand. The date of Samuels birth is 183-, with the last number either a 7 or 9, the date written in is clearly January 9th. As the Whos Who states 1839, I have used this date until further proof is obtained.
William H. Whitside was a shoemaker in Simcoe whom we think, emigrated from County Tyrone, Cavanboy, Ireland in 1843 with his 5 children, William Jr., James, David, Samuel and Sarian. Sarian born in 1840 was the youngest and there is always the supposition that her mother died in her child birth and William H. came with his children to Canada. I have not
been able to find a record of a first spouse for William. H. In a letter to Nellie Whitside , Dau of James, May 8, 1898, Samuel refers to his brother James and to Jamess wife as sister Hannah. He also refers to himself as her uncle. In my mind Samuel is a definite member of this family.
NOTE: Samuel has so steadily adhered to his birth place as Canada, that I am beginning to give it some credence. Could William H. have come to Canada before 1843 with his wife and Samuel and Sarian were born in Canada? Could Martha (Murray) Whitside have died in childbirth with Sarian, (1840).
William H. Emigrated to Canada in 1843 and married Harriet Shepherd in the same year. He came to a poor end from drink at the age of 47, in the summer of 1856, in Simcoe, Ontario. He left the original 5 children by his first marriage and 6 more by his second marriage. Samuel would not want the cause of his fathers death on his record, so I assume he made up the story of his father being a U.S. Consul in Toronto.
Birth date: His birth date in the Family Bible is January 9th and then the letters 83? which are of course wrong. Could they be the reverse of 38? This is written between David born September 1st, 1835 and Sarian born October 1840. He has reported more than once as being born in Toronto, Canada.
Samuel Russell's records state he was born 1 Sept. 1839?
All of my records for his father and oldest brother James, state they came from Ireland in 1843. This would mean he was born in Ireland with his brothers and sister and came to Canada at the age of about 4 or 5. As to why he did not want to claim his Irish background, I do not know.
His records state that he attended Normal School in Toronto, which is some 85 miles from his home in Simcoe. Many people from small towns refer to their home area as being the closest large city. Could it have been that there were other members of his fathers family, who came to Canada with William H., and settled in Toronto? In his records he claims he attended Careyville Military School in New York State. I have not been able to find any such school or city by this name. His wife's nickname was Carrie?

CENSUS: Windham Township, Norfolk County, Ontario, 1851, page 33, "Samuel
Whitside - Laborer - Birth Place Canada - age 16 -male - single- non
family member - Church of England. Brother David working as laborer in
same Township in this Census. If he was born 1839 he would have been 13
really.
Samuel joined the United States Army in November of 1858 as a private in
the mounted Corp. It appears with the start of the Civil War in 1861, he
was promoted from Corporal to Sergeant and then promotion came quickly.
From his Documents in the National Archives, (referred to hereafter as
"Doc"),Washington, D. C. on Sept. 1, 1863 he was promoted to Lt. Of 6th
Cavalry, stationed at Headquarters District, Shenandoah VI. D.H.O., June
30.1865 Winchester, VA., April 1, 1865, Charleston, VA & Feb. 28, 1860,
Providence, RI.
He was in Covington KY in 1863 and in Cincinnati OH., Nov. 10/63. (Doc).
From a medical report in the Archive dated Jan. 31/65 it states, he
enlisted Nov. 28/58 in New York City, and made Corporal in 1859. This
report details his junior service years, very well. He fought in Virginia
with the 6th Cavalry until he came down with fever. On Aug. 10/62 he was
put on sick leave. He served as an Aide de Camp a number of times. He was
sent to New Orleans and Baton Rouge in Dec./62 and fought there. In a
March 31/63 report, he was an Aide de Camp in New Orleans. He became sick
again and was returned to Washington March 18/64.
Feb. 1/65, medical exam report, he had a fractured clavicle and 2 ribs as
well as malarial fever. He was also laboring under the effects of
secondary syphilis. He had been riding at night, the horse fell and he
broke his collar bone and two ribs. (Doc).
On Feb. 20, 1865 he was requested to get horse and equipment, take 2 days
leave to go to Washington, before reporting to his Regiment in the field.
(Doc).
M:On the 24th of November, 1868, Samuel married Caroline McDowell
McGavock, (born Oct. 1846, Nashville Tenn.) Note Samuel Russell has the
date as 23 November, 1868.
M:From the Family History Library, Number 24919, recorded in Bexhar
Texas.
M:The following from a e-mail to RLW, July 98 from Samuel Russel. "You
asked about Martha Murray. I obtained some marriage data on William and
Martha from an old genealogy book that was passed down from my Gr Gr
Grandmother, Carrie McGavock Whitside, and of which my mother is now in
possession. The book is titled, The McGavock Family. A Genealogical
History of James McGavock and his Descendants From 1760 to 1903, and was
written by Rev. Robert Gray. It was printed in Richmond, VA in 1903.
The McGavocks are considered the First Family of Tennessee and are
credited in large part with establishing Nashville. In the portion of
the book that pertains to Caroline McGavock, James McGavock's Great
Granddaughter, it mentions that she is married to Samuel Marmaduke
Whitside, son of William H. Whitside and Martha Murray who were married
in 1831 at Liverpool, England. I can only imagine the controversy
created when a young daughter of the McGavocks of Tennessee ran off to
Texas in 1868 to marry a Union soldier who was a veteran of the Army of
the Potomac. I don't have a copy of the book, so, I can't tell you what
the Reverend's source for the info was. However, Rev. Gray lists in
detail over 1,500 descendants and spouses spanning four generations and
150 years. So, his research was undoubtedly thorough.
On Aug. 31, 1874, he was given 30 days leave from Ft. Riley, KS for
chronic rheumatism. (Doc).
Letters in his file report he was sick in Nashville, TN and in London,
Ontario on May 1, June 30, Aug. 1, Sept. 1, 1875. From reading the
letters it sounded like he just did not want to hurry back. (Doc).
From the book, "Forts of the West, " , Fort Huachuca was established on
Feb. 2, 1877 by Captain Samuel Whitside 6th Cavalry. It was to protect
the settlers and travelers from the Apache Indians. Established by order
of Colonel August V. Kautz, the camp became permanent on Jan. 21, 1878
and was designated a fort in 1882. It saw little activity after Geronimo
was captured until the Mexican revolution. In 1975 it was still active.
In an efficiency report, it showed Samuel was married with one minor
child, he had been in banking for 2 years. This was about 1878. (Doc).
On April 25, 1879 he was in Los Angeles on leave.
CENSUS: 1880, Arizona Territory, Pima County, pg. 237, June, 1880, "Sam'l
M. Whitside, white, male, age 41, married/Major Com. Post, born Canada,
Father English and mother, English.
In 1881 he asked for a years leave to go abroad A medical record card
advises he is on sick leave for 4 months. (Doc).
Sept./1881 - Capt. S.M. Whitside , 6th Cavalry, joined Jefferson
Barracks Commander. Depot Sept. 19, 1881 per S.O. #205, H.Q. of the Army,
A.G.O. He left the post Sept. 21, 1881`, to join his Regiment per S.O.
#102 from H.Q. Mounted Recruit Service at Jeff. Barracks.
April/83 - Capt. Whitside joined Jeff. Barr. April 27, 1883, per S.O.
#90, H.Q. Army, A.G.O. Left April 28, 1883 conducting a detachment of
recruits for 1st Cavalry to the Presidio of San Francisco per S.O. #61,
H.Q.. M.R.S.
June 17/83, extended 3 months. He was sent to the Army/Navy General
Hospital at Hot Springs, AR re chronic neuritis in partial left brachial
plexus, especially in median nerve. (Doc)
July/1883 - Capt. Whitside joined J.B. post July 6, 1883 and relieved
Capt. O. B. Boyd, 8th Cavalry from duty as recruiting officer of
Rochester, N.Y., per S.O. #144, H.Q., Army, A.G.O. dated June 23, 1883
Sept./1883 - Capt. Whitside, 6th Cavalry, joined from Recruit Service at
Rochester, N.Y. Sept. 30, 1883 and relieved 1st Lieut. Jonathan Q. Adams,
1st Cavalry, as Recruiting Officer at Chicago per S.O. #156, H.Q., M.R.S.
Nov./1883 - Capt. Whitside, 6th Cavalry, relieved from temporary duty on
Recruit Service at Chicago on Nov. 26, 1883, and transferred to Regiment
same date per S.O. #195, H.Q., M.R.S. dated Nov. 26, 1883
In 1883 he also had private business in Nashville, TN, and Tucson AZ and
in 1885 from reports in the Archive, Samuel had business in mining in
Arizona. (Doc).
In 1885, Samuel was in the Arizona area and evidently invested in the
Silver Queen claim (from an issue of the Frontier Times, pg. 9, an
article on Bisbee, The Queen of Copper, by Dale Underwood). Bisbee is
about 40 miles from Fort Huachuca where Sam had been the Commander.
From the History of Ft. Riley, early in February, 1888, he was on a
Board of Officers, listed as Quartermaster S. M. Whitside, 7th Cavalry,
meeting to plan the sight of a new hospital
He was listed in The History of Fort Riley as one of two Majors at Ft.
Riley, under the command of Col. Forsyth at the end of 1888.
Medical record card states birthplace Canada, race Canadian and on Oct
3/89 he was at Camp Schofield, Ind. Trail en route to Fort Riley KS on
Oct 9/89. (Doc
From here, he moved from Alabama back to the western front and on Dec.
28, 1890, captured Chief Big Foot and his band of Sioux Indians. Colonel
Forsyth, commander of the 7th Cavalry came and took command and on Dec.
29th the Battle of Wounded Knee took place with the result that there
were 25 white casualties and 39 wounded. An estimate of the Indian known
dead were 153 killed and 44 wounded, including women and children.
I have copies of the official investigations of Headquarters Division of
the Missouri and other write-ups of the event. I have also been to
Wounded Knee, SD and read the Siouxs side of the story. A sad event but
one must remember that this was the reconstituted regiment of General
Custer, who was killed with all troops, at the Battle of the Little Big
Horn by the same Sioux nation.
Many of the soldiers killed were hit by friendly fire. In the end I
believe the Indians dead were over 200. Although the Indians submitted
peacefully, the Regiments instructions were to disarm them. The Indians
hid guns under the squaws' blankets and when the troops tried to take
them, trouble began. The Indians were also under the influence of the
Medicine man, Yellow Bird, and the wearing of ghost shirts, which they
were told would protect them. This was the last battle of the Indian
Wars. The command returned to Ft. Riley in Jan. of 1891
Jerry Green has written an excellent and detailed account of the
Lakoda/Sioux tribes before the fight as well as the known happenings and
the aftermath. This includes the medals given and also an excellent
bibliography. This can be read and downloaded at
http://www.dickshovel.com/MedalsG.c.html
July/1895 - Lt. Col. Whitside, 3rd Cavalry promoted to Lt. Col. from
Major, U.S. Army 7th Cavalry to date July 17, 1895 and transferred to 3rd
Cavalry.
August/1895 - Lt. Col. Whitside, 3rd Cavalry, Commanding Jefferson
Barracks.
October/1895 - Lt. Col. Samuel Whitside transferred to 5th Cavalry
effective Oct 15, 1895. Casually at Post awaiting transfer to new
station. left post Nov. 1, 1895
On Jan. 14, 1889 he was promoted to Colonel and put in charge of the
first black cavalry regiment in Huntsville, Alabama. I believe this was
the 10th Cavalry.
From Archive, on Nov. 14, 1899, his home address was Nashville, TN, c/o
American National Bank. He was a Colonel at that date and his nearest
relative listed was Warren .W. Whitside, his son. Warren was a 2nd Lieut.
Of 10th Cavalry in Manzanillo, Cuba. (Doc
In a letter to Representative Francis W. Cushman asking for help in his
promotion, he noted that he was not at the Battle of San Juan Hill in
Cuba. Documents.
A letter dated Feb. 4, 1900 requested admission to the Army/Navy Hospital
in Warm Springs, Arkansas. This was written from the Maxwell House Hotel,
Nashville, TN. (Doc
In late 1899 he followed the Army to Cuba with the 10th Cavalry Regiment
but by the time he got there it was all over. He was a full Colonel at
this time and stayed on until his retirement in command of the Dept. of
Santiago and Puerto Principe. He was joined by his son Warren, who was
with the 10th Cavalry. His son was a career officer, retiring as a
Colonel in 1939 and dying in 1946.
Oct. 16, 1881, Samuel visited his brother James in Delhi, Ontario,
Canada.
In 1902, he requested retirement having served from Nov. 11, 1858 to June
9, 1902, a total of 43 years and he was 63 yoa. He agreed to retire after
being made a Brigadier General as the President had designated his
success. (Doc

There are a number of letters in the National Archive file from
influential people asking that Samuel be promoted to Brig. General
because of his good service. I believe he was promoted to Brig. General
of the U.S. Volunteers, then resigned and returned to Colonel of the U.S.
Army and then finally was promoted to Brig. General of the U.S. Army with
the understanding that he would then resign. (Doc
A letter from the Hotel advising that General Sam. Whitside had arrived
Abbett House Hotel, Washington, Dec. 14, 1904, had been taken suddenly
ill and died the morning of the 15th. They were asking the War Dept. to
advise Mrs. Whitside. (Doc)
Letter to Lieut. Warren Whitside 12/15/04 to Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont
advising of his father's death.. (Doc
Telegram to Mrs. S. M. Whitside, Bethesda, Maryland re Samuels death.
(Doc
In Archives, his death notice, born in Canada West, Jan. 9, 1839. (Doc
He had retired and was living in Bethesda Md. at the time. He is buried
in the military cemetery at Arlington Virginia.
BU:From Sam Russell in an Email Jan. 01/01. Samuel is buried with his
wife, Carrie, and their son Major Victor M. Whitside who died at the end
of WW 1. The three of them share the same headstone which is actually a
four sided monument about 10 feet tall, (similar to the Washington
Monument). Their inscriptions are written on their respective side of the
monument with their plot projecting out from there. One side of the
monument is blank and the plot is vacant. About a hundred yards from
their plot, Warren W. Whitside and his wife, Lillian Rigney are buried
together along with their son, Captain Warren W. Whitside, Jr. who served
in WW II in the US Navy.
Samuel and Caroline, (McGavock) Whitside had 7 children , of these we
know: McGavock died before age 1, Samuel Marmaduke Jr. died age 5 in
1877, Effie died age age 2 in 1876, Warren Webster, [1875-1946], Dallas
W. [1879], Dallas died same year she was born, Madeline, [1882], and
Victor, [1886/7]. Warren joined his father as a Lieut. at the end of
Samuels career in Cuba. He stayed in the U.S. Army for 40 years retiring
in 1939. Camp Whitside, part of Fort Riley was named after Colonel Warren
W. Whitside. Victor also joined the army and to date we do not know what
happened to him.

Further data and references re Wounded Knee are: "The Last Days of the
Sioux Nation", Robert M. Utely, New Haven and London, Yale University
Press, 1963, (pages viii, ix, 192-230), A History of the Indians of the
United States, Angie Debo, (page 292-294).

HIS LIFE IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.

1839. JAN 9 Samuel born, we assume in Ireland.
ABT 1845-1858 School, Normal School, Toronto Careyville Academy, N. Y.
State. This is according to Samuel but I can find no proof of it.
1858-Nov. 10 Army Private -- 6th Calvary, 10 Nov. 1858 -- 4 Nov. 1861.
1859-Promoted to Corporal
1861-Aug. Serg. 6th Cavalry
1861-Aug. Serg.-Major 6th Cavalry
1861-Nov. 4 Oath of Office, 2nd Lieutenant 6th Cavalry, Washington, DC
1862 December Sent to fight in New Orleans & Baton Rouge
1864-Jan 25 1st Lieutenant, 6th Cavalry Field promotion.
1864-March 18 Ill ,returned to Washington
1864-Nov. 24 Oath of Office, 1st. Lieutenant, Providence, RI.
1865-13 March Breveted Captain & Major for faithful and meritorious
service.
1866-1891 abt25 years in the Western Frontier in Indian Wars.
1866-Oct 20 Captain, 6th Cavalry.
1867-Sept. 17 Oath of Office, Captain, Austin, TX
1868 Nov. 24 Married Carrie Mc Dowell McGavock, San Antonio TX.
1875-Summer On sick leave in London, Ontario
1877-Feb. 2 Capt. S. M. W. Established Camp Huachuca, AZ, later Ft.
Huachuca.
1877 Abt Dec. 30 Located the Silver Queen claim-near Ft. Bowie in Arizona
Indian Territory
1878 Born Warren Webster Whitside in Canada?
1879-Jan 16 broke his leg.
1880-25 June Major commanding Ft Huachuca TX. Arizona Census, (Pima Co.),
1882 Born- Madeline in USA
1883 On 7 month sick leave, Hot Springs, AR
1885 April 16 Oath of Office, Major-7th (Cavalry) Regiment Ft. Lewis
Colorado
1887 Born-Victor in USA
1888 Quartermaster S. M. Whitside at Ft. Riley (Hist. of Ft. Riley)
1890 December - Battle of wounded knee! S. Dakota 7th Cavalry
1895-17 July Promoted to Lt. Colonel
1895-15 October transferred to 5th Cavalry
1880-1898In command of: Camp Huachuca, AZ (Confirmed)
Riley, Kansas, (Confirmed)
Fort Meyer, Virginia
Jefferson Barracks Mo.
Ft. Sam Houston Tex., (Confirmed).
1889-Jan 14 Colonel, (L), of Cavalry, 10th Cavalry, Camp A. G. Force,
Huntsville Alabama. In charge of the first black cavalry troops.
1890-Dec. 29 Second in Command at the Battle of Wounded Knee, Pine Ridge,
SD.
1896-Jan. 23 Oath of Office, Lieut. Colonel.
1898 May Letter to Nellie Heath
1898-16 Oct .Promoted to Colonel of the 10th Cavalry
1900-1902 In command - Dept. of Santiago & Puerto Principe
1901 Feb. 1 Oath of Office, Brigadier General U.S.V.
1901 Jan. Son Warren Married Lillian Rigney Santiago Cuba
1901-20 June Honorable discharge from the U.S. Volunteers
1901 Oct Visited Simcoe, Ontario.
1902 Jan. Letter, to Nellie Heath, Delhi, (from Santiago, Cuba). noted
Warren had a daughter, Elaine,
1902-29 May Promoted to Brigadier General of the U.S.A. Army
1902-June 7 Oath of Office, Brigadier General, U.S.A.
1902-June 9 Retired from the U.S. Army
1904 Dec. 15 Died-Abbett House Hotel, his home was Bethesda Maryland
BURIAL: Section 2, Arlington Cemetery.

EXCERPT FROM THE BOOK "SELFLESS SERVICE".

APPENDIX B

FIVE-GENERATION DESCENDANT LISTING OF SAMUEL M. WHITSIDE

Following is a list depicting five generations of Brigadier General Samuel M. Whitside's descendants. Bold names indicate descendants with military service showing the highest rank attained, branch of service, and years served, italicized names are spouses of descendants, and italicized and bold names are spouses of descendants with military service.
1-Samuel Marmaduke WHITSIDE (1839--1904) Brigadier General, Army, 1858--1902
Caroline P. MCGAVOCK (1845--1936)
| 2-McGavock WHITSIDE (1870--1870)
| 2-Samuel Marmaduke WHITSIDE (1872--1877)
| 2-Effie WHITSIDE (1874--1876)
| 2-Warren Webster WHITSIDE (187--1964) Colonel, Army, 1898--1939
| Lillian RIGNEY (1879--1970)
| | 3-Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE (1902--1958)
| | Wellington Alexander SAMOUCE (1903--1990) Colonel, Army, 1924--1954
| | | 4-Warren Alexander SAMOUCE (1931--) Colonel, Army, 1954--1976
| | | Judy DONNELLY (1936--)
| | | | 5-Michael Donnelly SAMOUCE (1958--)
| | | | Carol JOHNSON (1958--)
| | | | 5-Robert Cooper SAMOUCE (1960--)
| | | | Cathy KUGE (1959--)
| | | | 5-Kimberly Bishop SAMOUCE (1964--)
| | | | John Christopher MINEO (1965--)
| | | 4-John Whitside SAMOUCE (1935--) Captain, Marine Corps, 1960--1968
| | | Mary Ann MISER (1938--1989)
| | | | 5-Mary Katherine SAMOUCE (1964--)
| | | | 5-Wellington Whitside SAMOUCE (1966--) Captain, Army, 1994--
| | | | Claudia MAEDEL (1967--)
| | | | 5-Jerome Alexander SAMOUCE (1968--)
| | | 4-Lillian Ann SAMOUCE (1939--)
| | | Thomas Button RUSSELL (1936--) Colonel, Army, 1959--1987
| | | | 5-Barbara Ann RUSSELL (1961--) Major, Air Force, 1987--1996
| | | | Mark Anthony BUCKNAM (1958--) Colonel, Air Force, 1982--
| | | | 5-Lillian Lorraine RUSSELL (1962--)
| | | | Mark Leslie WAUFORD (1961--)
| | | | 5-Thomas Wellington RUSSELL (1964--) Lieutenant Colonel, Marine Corps, 1986--
| | | | Victoria Ann PAYNKEWICZ (1963--)
| | | | 5-Samuel Lawrence RUSSELL (1966--) Major, Army, 1988--
| | | | Kimberly Jo MCDANIEL (1965--)
| | 3-Elaine Teresa WHITSIDE (1904--1951)
| | Carroll L. TYLER Captain, Navy, 1924--1954
| | 3-Warren Webster WHITSIDE Jr. (1906--969) Captain, Navy, 1934--1949
| | Virginia Carson (1916--2000)
| | | 4-Warren Webster WHITSIDE III (1928--1974)
| | | Lydia
| | | | 5-Virginia WHITSIDE
| | | | 5-Lydia Lynn WHITSIDE
| 2-Dallas WHITSIDE (1879--1880)
| 2-Madeline M. WHITSIDE (1882--1964)
| Archibald MILLER (1878--1921) Lieutenant Colonel, Army Air Corps, 1898--1921
| | 3-Samuel Whitside MILLER (1907--1994) Lieutenant Colonel, Army, 1929--1957
| | Virginia SIMS
| | | 4-Sims MILLER (1936--1994)
| | 3-Samuel Whitside MILLER (1907--1994) Lieutenant Colonel, Army, 1929--1957
| | Maxine Helen KERN
| | | 4-Janet Hope MILLER (1942--)
| | | Harry Ronald SIMKINS (1941--)
| | | | 5-Leslie Lynn SIMKINS (1965--)
| | | | John Anthony KOMLOAY, III (1962--) Lieutenant Commander, Navy, 1985--
| | | | 5-Scott Ronald SIMKINS (1968--)
| | | 4-Gregory Kern MILLER (1948--)
| | | Annette ONG
| | | 4-Whitside Gerard MILLER (1950--)
| | | 4-Linda Madeline MILLER (1955--)
| | | 4-Debora MILLER (1959--)
| | 3-Caroline McGavock MILLER (1912--)
| | Robert Whitney BURNS (1908--1964) Lieutenant General, Air Force, 1929--1964
| | | 4-Robert Whitney BURNS, Jr. (1935--) Major, Air Force, 1957--1967
| | | 4-Marsha Whitside BURNS (1937--)
| | | Louis S. DUPONT
| | | | 5-Madeline Louise DUPONT (1959--)
| | | | 5-Caroline Burns DUPONT (1961--)
| | | | 5-Gwendolyn Miller DUPONT (1962--)
| | 3-Caroline McGavock MILLER (1912--)
| | Carl Henry JARK (1907--1984) Lieutenant General, Army, 1929--1964
| 2-Victor M. WHITSIDE (1886--1919) Major, Army, 1908--1919

He was married to Caroline Pugsley McGavock (daughter of David Turner McGavock and Eliza Caroline Pugsley ) on Nov 24 1868 in San Antonio, TX.3 They were married at the home of Dr. Dallas Bache in San Antonio, ministered by Reverend Benjamin A. Rogers of St. David's Church. Page 37. Caroline Pugsley McGavock was born on May 22 1845 in Nashville, TN.4 She died on Dec 7 1936 in Front Royal, VA. She has reference number 565. She was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, VA. She Nickname. Samuell Russell's data states she was born 23 May, 1845-7 and died Dec.1936. Also that her middle name was "PUGSLEY". From page 37 of Samuel Russell's thesis on Samuel Whitside: "Carrie McGavock was born on 22 May 1845, the daughter of Dr. David Turner McGavock and Eliza Caroline Pugsley of Nashville, Tennessee. The McGavocks were considered to be one of the first families of Tennessee, as Carrie McGavock's grandfather, settled in Franklin, Tennessee area in 1786. Dr. McGavock studied medicine under his father-in-law, Dr. Charles
Pugsley, an English physician who settled in Nashville in 1830. Carrie McGavock was accustomed to an affluent life style: her father was valued at one million dollars in 1858 and owned a mansion in Nashville. His fortune was made in part by selling portions of the land he inherited from his father. The McGavocks lifestyle, if not their fortune, was clearly affected by the civil war.
In some circles, Miss McGavock's marriage to Captain Whitside may have been considered beneath her social strata, in part because he was a Yankee and an immigrant, but also because of his modest background. His father, William H. Whitside, became a-shoemaker after immigrating to Canada and apparently drank himself to death in 1856. However, her
marriage to Captain Whitside probably did not create much of a stir, as both of her parents were also deceased, her mother in December 1863 and her father in January 1866. It is likely that Carrie McGavock moved to San Antonio or Austin, Texas, after her father's death.
For Carrie McGavock, marrying an Army officer was probably a logical choice. Her family proudly boasted of their military heritage. Miss McGavock's great grandfather, James McGavock, who emigrated from Ireland in 1750, served in the French and Indian War under Colonel Francis Nash, and was a lieutenant in the Virginia Militia during the American
Revolution where he supplied the Continental Army for six years from his homestead at Fort Chiswell in western Virginia. Carrie McGavock also spoke of her grandfather-twice-removed, Vice Admiral Sir George Rooke, who was an officer in the British Navy knighted for gallantry for capturing Gibraltar during the war of Spanish Succession in 1704. In
addition to her heritage, Miss McGavock was likely attracted to the glittering social life of the Amy. The pageantry of retreat parades and the glamour of military balls were probably the closest semblance to the antebellum lifestyle she enjoyed as a teenager at her parents' mansion in Tennessee. Carrie was not the only McGavock attracted to an officer in 1879 her younger sister, Ella, married Major Frank M. Coxe, an Army paymaster in 1830".
Whitside took seven days of leave in order to marry Miss McGavock and had scarcely returned to Austin when B Company was ordered to Fort Richardson, Texas, where the regimental headquarters, now under the command of Colonel James Oakes, had recently relocated. His company hardly had time to settle into quarters at its new post when it was
ordered from the duties of protecting settlers from hostile Indians on the Texas frontier to reconstruction duties in eastern Texas". (End of quotation)

CENSUS: 1880 Arizona Census of Pima County. H.H. 359/394, pg. 237, 25 June 1880, Fort Huachuca, AZ. Caroline M. Whiteside, wife, female, age 34, house keeper, born TN. Father, TN., Mother, TN.. With her husband Samuel and children Warren W. age4 and Dallas W. age 1 and 2 servants.
In a letter from Samuel from San Antonio TX., to Nellie Heath in Delhi, Ont, dated May 4 1898, he states Aunt Carrie is at home in Nashville TN. with their daughter Madeline
CENSUS: 1915, Washington, D.C. Listed as widow of Samuel, living H352, 2133 California Ave. N.W. with other Whitesides? Her name is spelled Whiteside and she is listed with 8 other Whitesides. One of which is Jas. L. which Don Whiteside has noted as Jas. Levi, (1852-1937) and John G. he has noted as J. Garret.
CENSUS: 1920, Washington, D.C. listed as Carrie M., H315, "The Ontario".
Here her name is spelled Whiteside and she is listed with 10 other Whitesides. One of which is J. Garret, not a common name and which we have seen in Norfolk County before. Also, J. Levi, 1852 - 1937. Could this be Samuel's half brother born 1851?
CENSUS: 1926, Washington, D.C. listed as widow of Samuel M. Whitside, h10, 2120 NW. Below this is " Edw Baker r418 8th-se. Her spelling is Whitside. Who is Edw?
In 1926 she would have been in her 80th years. Don Whiteside says she is buried with her husband in Arlington National Cemetery.

The Rev. Robert Gray in his book The Mcgavock Family, A Genealogical History of James McGavock and his Descendants From 1760 to 1903; Richmond, 1903, lists Carries's middle name as "Pugsley." The source of her middle name comes from Carrie's mother whose maidens name was Eliza Caroline Pugsley."
DEATH: from the above Email from S. Russel, her burial place would indicate that after Washington in her later years, she moved to be with her son Warren at Front Royal, Va.

Samuel Marmaduke Whitside Brigadier General and Caroline Pugsley McGavock had the following children:

2 i. McGavock Whitside was born on Jul 26 1870 in Fort Griffin, TX.5 He died on Oct 7 1870 in Nashville, TN.6 He has reference number 5850. Birth & Death from data from Samuel L. Russell of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998, e-mail to Robert L. Whitside from Samuel Russell who is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside.
3 ii. Samuel Marmaduke ll. Whitside was born on Aug 20 1872 in Philadelphia, PA.7 He died on Jan 29 1877 in Fort Yuma, CA.8 He has reference number 1.
4 iii. Effie Whitside was born on Apr 20 1874 in Fort Hays, KS.9 She died on Aug 7 1876 in Wellington Square, ONT.10 She has reference number 2769. BIRTH & DEATH: from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998, e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside.
+5 iv. Warren Webster Whitside Col. (born on Nov 2 1875).
6 v. Dallas W. Whitside was born on Apr 22 1879 in Los Angeles, CA.11 She died on Dec 28 1880 in Fort Huachuca, AZ.12 She has reference number 3376. She was buried in Fort Huachuca, AZ.
CENSUS: 1880 Arizona Territory, Pima County Census, page 237, 25 June 1880 at Camp Huachua. " Dallas W., white, male, age 1, son, born California, father born Canada, mother born TN. Listed with father, mother, brother? Dallas and 2 servants.

BIRTH & DEATH: dates from data from Samuel L. Russell of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998, e-mail to Robert Whitside from Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside. He says that Dallas was 20 months old when he became their third son to die in infancy. He is buried in the post cemetery at Ft. Huachuca. Family lore says that Sam was out on a mission when Dallas died and it was several days after he had returned home that he asked where the baby was. She told him he had died and had not told him before because she didn't want to upset him.

+7 vi. Madeline M. Whitside (born on Jan 11 1882).
8 vii. Victor M. Whitside was born on Oct 25 1886 in Fort Geary, Kentucky.13,14 He served in the military from 1908 to 1919.15 He died on Feb 3 1919 in Coblenz, Germany.16 He has reference number 588. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, VA.17
BIRTH: from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998, e-mail to Robert Whitside. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside.
Victor is mentioned in Sam's letter to Nellie Heath (Whitside) dated May 4, 1898, as his youngest and eleven yrs of age, In 1898 (born 1886/87) with his mother going to school in Nashville Tenn. A direct quote from the letter is as follows, "Your aunt Carrie is at her home in Nashville, Tennessee, she has been here with me but she had to leave as the climate did not agree with her. Our youngest, Victor, a fine boy of eleven years old, is with his mother going to school.

CENSUS: 1920 Fort Geary, Kansas. This shows Victor M. Whitside at Fort Geary, Kansas. The Commanding Officer is S.R.H. Tompkins. Victor is listed as age 33 which if 1920 Census, form 1886 fits, shows as white, born Kentucky. As his death is recorded as 1919, could Census be from 1919 not 1920?
1880 Census of Pima Arizona, the only children shown are Warren and Dallas.
From Selfless Service: The Cavalry Carreer fo Brigadier General Samuel M. Whitside From 1858 to 1902 written by Major Samuel Russell lists Victor as 1886-1919 and a Major in the United States Army from 1908 to 1919 so I will accept this as the best data available.

BURIAL & DEATH: In a web site of American Memory it states Victor. M. Whitside, Major, United States Army Infantry, (1886-1919), buried with father and mother in Arlington Cemetery, Section 2. This is confirmed by an Email from Samuel Russell of 01/04/01

The following has been taken from Major Samuel Russell's thesis "SELFLESS SERVICE", written about the life of General Samuel Whitside.
S. M. Whitside's other son, Victor, also joined the cavalry when he was appointed a second lieutenant on 25 September 1908. He was promoted to first lieutenant in December 1915, captain in May 1917, and temporary major in the Signal Corps in September 1917. Victor Whitside also served in the 89th Division along with his older brother, Warren, during World War I, where he was assigned to the 354th Infantry Regiment as part of the 177th Infantry Brigade. While serving with the Army of Occupation in Coblenz, Germany, he died of influenza on 3 February 1919. Major Victor M. Whitside is buried in Arlington National Cemetery beside his mother and father.

SECOND GENERATION

5. Warren Webster Whitside Col.18 was born on Nov 2 1875 in Toronto, ONT.19,20 He was buried in Oct 1964 in VA, USA.21 He died on Oct 3 1964 in Front Royal, VA.22 He served in the military 1898 to 1939.23 He has reference number 576.
Social Security # 227-46-8624, this needs to be verified.

I have written a biographical genealogy of General Samuel Marmaduke, copies of which are in the Fort Riley, KS, Jefferson Barracks, (St. Louis), MO and Fort Sam Houston, Texas, archives as well as in the archives of the Norfolk Historical Society in Simcoe, Ontario.

BIRTH: Warren W. was born 2 Nov., 1875 in Toronto, Canada. As his father married Caroline McDonnell McGavock of Nashville, Tennessee in the U.S.A. and served in the U. S. Army all of his career, it is a mystery to me why he was born in Wellington Square, Toronto however we know that in the summer of 1875, Samuel was on sick leave in London, Ontario. On checking old Toronto records I found that Market Square was on the corner of Wellington St. Could it have originally been called Wellington Square for a short time. There is also a Wellington St. in downtown London, Ontario.

CENSUS: 1880 Arizona Territory, Pima County Census, page 237, 25 June 1880 at Camp Huachuca. " Warren W. white, male, age 4, son, born Canada, father born Canada, mother born TN. Listed with father, mother, Dallas and 2 servants.
He is mentioned in The History of Fort Riley as being one of the boys at the Post involved with the killing of a wild cat, 4 feet , 11 inches in length.

EDUCATION: He graduated from Washington & Lee University in Lexington, Virginia with a B.S.C. degree. He responded to the Presidents call, to his fathers dismay and entered the Volunteer Army. This is from letters from his father. Army records also gives his home as Tennessee. His mothers home address was given probably, because his father was always being posted to various places in the west.

MILITARY: He was commissioned a 2nd Lieut. of infantry, U.S. Army (#0830) on the 10th of April, 1899 and accepted on May 1, of 1899. He transferred to the Cavalry on 10th of May, 1899. He then transferred to his fathers 10th Cavalry Regiment in Cuba. I have a picture taken in Cuba of he and his father, both in uniform.
He was promoted to 1st Lieutenant on the 2nd of Feb. 1901 In a letter dated Jan. 2, 1902 his father writes that Warren has a daughter, (Lillian R.) who is 5 weeks old. This would put daughter Lillians birthday in November of 1901.
From Heitman, Military service: 2nd Lieutenant April 10, 1899, Infantry, transferred to 10th Calvary, 10th May, 1899. 1st Lieutenant, 1st Feb., 1901, while In Cuba with his father's regiment. He was transferred to Vermont after the end of the Cuba war.(Heitman). He must have gone to Colorado in 1904 as dau. Elaine was born there. Son Warren E. Jr. born Vermont, 1907.
On Dec. 15/04 a letter was written by the Military to Warren at Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont, advising of his fathers death on that morning.
On the 20th of August, 1906, he was promoted to Captain. which was fairly quick in the peacetime army.
On 16 April of 1912 he was transferred to the Quartermaster Corp. of the Cavalry and placed in command of the Front Royal Remount Depot. From an article in the The Quartermaster Review of Sept./Oct. of 1930 we learn the history of the Depot established in 1911. The purpose of the Depot, was to buy, breed and concentrate animals that had been purchased before shipment. Stallions were gathered from eastern tracks and sent to the Front Royal Remount Depot for conditioning and shipment in carload lots to other Depots and to the western zones.
Warren was in the Quartermaster Corp. from 16 April, 1912 to 14 Dec. 1912 at Front Royal. and then his records show he was with the QMC from March 1913 to 3rd of April 1916. This is confusing, but this is how the records record it. I can only assume that he performed various duties, some with Cavalry Units other with the Quartermaster Corp.
May 15, 1917 he was promoted to Major, again with the QMC from 25 July, 1917 - 19 Aug. 1917 and we know from the Daily Union article that he was with the 89th division during its formation and overseas in World War I.
Ultimately he would serve the Division as the commander of Trains and Military Police. It was for this service that he received the Distinguished Service Metal, the third highest award in the army and the highest award in the Army for meritorious service.
He was awarded the DSM on 30 Jan. 1929 by Major General Malin Craig at Fort Clayton, Panama. He was serving as the Department Quartermaster of the Panama Canal Department at the time.
When Craig was a Lieut. he served under Capt. Samuel Whitside at Fort Huachuca in Texas. Craig and Warren were boy hood friends.
On August 20, 1922 Lieut. Colonel Whitside reported for duty as Quartermaster of Fort Riley
Again he was transferred to the QMC on 23 Aug. of 1923 and on the 26th of March, 1924 he was promoted to Colonel. In 1923 Warren was referred to in the History of Fort Riley, as Colonel W. W. Whitside, then Quartermaster of Ft. Riley and the Commandant of the Cavalry school when they decided to move the Ogden monument to its current position.
In 1925, Col. Whitside was instrumental in the move of the Wounded Knee monument to its present location.
In 1925 he was relieved as Quartermaster by Colonel A. McClure leaving behind in remembrance the named Camp Whitside", a part of Fort Riley. The Irwin Army Hospital and the Union Pacific Depot are now in Camp Whitside. It is marked on all maps including the Junction City phone book map.
He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal during his career and
received an honorable discharge, 30 June, 1939.

MARRIAGE: He married Lillian Rigney on Thursday Jan 10 1901 at Manzannillo Cuba. She was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Rigney. Joseph Rigney was a well known planter and sugar manufacturer of Manzannillo Province, Cuba. Warren was with the 10th Calvary at the time. I have a copy of the Wedding Notice sent to Mr. James Whitside & family by Warren. She was the daughter of Joseph Rigney. I also have a copy of the write up in the New York Times of Jan. 12, 1901.

CENSUS: 1910 Index of the Census, W323, shows Warren W. Whitside living in Alexandria Co. Virginia, age 34, with Lillian R. Age 30 born Conn. Children Lillian R. age 8, born Cuba, Elaine T. born Colorado, age 6, and Warren E [W. Jr.?], Jr. age 3, born Vermont.

DEATH: He retired to Front Royal, Virginia and died there in 1964. He is buried in Arlington Cemetery about 100 yards from his father and mother.

The following is an exact transcription of an Article in the Daily Union, Junction City, July 21,1992. It was written by a researcher in the area doing a series on prominent
officers, who had served at Camp Riley.

"Warren W. Whitside: (1875-1964). Midway between the yellow lime stone buildings on the main post of Fort Riley, and white semi-permanent structures at Camp Funston, stands another major Fort Riley installation, Camp Whitside.
Camp Whitside is named for Colonel Warren W. Whitside, United States Army. Whitside was born in Canada in 1875. His father was Major Samuel M. Whitside a cavalry officer who was famous as an Indian fighter in the period 1875 to 1890. Samuel Whitside founded Fort Huachuca, Arizona in 1877 while chasing the wily Apache, Geronimo. In 1890 he commanded a battalion of the 7th Cavalry during the battle of Wounded Knee in South
Dakota where the last hostile band of Sioux on the northern plains were destroyed.
Warren Whitside attended Washington & Lee University and was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant of infantry in 1899. A short while later he transferred to his fathers branch, the cavalry. In 1912 he was detailed to the Quartermaster Corp. and was given command of the Front Royal Remount Depot in Virginia.
In 1917, Whitside was made Division Quartermaster of the 89th Division, which was organized and trained for action in World War 1 at Camp Funston.
The Division Commander was General Leonard Wood. As a Lieut. Colonel, Whitside served as Division Quartermaster of the 89th Division in France and at times he acted as Assistant Chief of Staff, G1.
After World War 1, Whitside was again assigned to Fort Riley, this time as Post Quartermaster. During this tour he was instrumental in moving the Ogden and Wounded Knee monument to their present location. Whitside left Fort Riley in 1925. After serving in various other assignment of responsibility he was again named in 1934 to head the Front
Royal Remount Depot, where he remained until his retirement inn 1939. after 40 years continuous service.
Whitside retired to Front Royal, Virginia, where he died October 3rd, 1964 and is buried at Arlington ."

The following has been taken from Major Samuel Russell's thesis "SELFLESS SERVICE", written in 2002 on the life of General Samuel Whitside.

After the general retired, his eldest son, Warren, returned to D Troop, 10th Cavalry, where he commanded the unit at Fort Robinson, Nebraska. He later transferred to the 15th Cavalry Regiment and served at Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont, and Fort Myer, Virginia, his post at the time of his father's death. W. W. Whitside was promoted to captain in the cavalry in 1906. In 1912 he was detailed to the Quartermaster Corps and assigned to Front Royal, Virginia, to establish a remount depot. After four years, Captain W. W. Whitside returned to the 10th Cavalry in March 1916 and served under General John J. Pershing during the Punitive Expedition against Mexican General Francisco 'Pancho' Villa. In 1917 he was promoted to major of cavalry in May and to the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel of field artillery in August. During that summer, Whitside served as the acting post Quartermaster at Fort Riley. As the nation began mobilizing for war, Major General Leonard Wood was charged with standing up the 89th Division at Camp Funston and selected Whitside to be his division Quartermaster. The division deployed to France in June 1918, and in July Whitside took command of the 314th Division Trains and was promoted to temporary colonel. He commanded the trains, which included the ammunition train, supply train, and military police, during the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne offensives and during the occupation of Germany. Colonel Whitside returned with the 89th Division to Fort Riley, where he served until 1925. While at Riley, he established a camp, later named in his honor, for training National Guard units. His next assignment was as the Quartermaster of the Panama Canal Department where he served under Major General Malin Craig. Next he served in Washington, DC at the Quartermaster General's office.


Whitside returned to Front Royal in 1934 as the commander of the Remount Depot he had established twenty-two years earlier. He retired in November 1939 at the age of sixty-four after more than forty years of service. His military awards included the Distinguished Service Medal, the Croix de Guerre with two gold stars, the Pacification Medal, the Cuban Occupation Medal, World War I Medal with three combat stars, and the World War I Army of Occupation Medal (Germany). Colonel Warren W. Whitside died on 3 October 1964 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

He was married to Lillian Rigney on Jan 10 1901 in Texas, USA.24 Lillian Rigney was born on Jun 9 1879 in CT. She died in Jul 1970 in VA. She has reference number 610. Her father's name was Joseph Rigney, This data is from the New York Times
of Jan. 12, 1901 in the Announcement of marriage. It states he was a well
known planter of the Province of Santiago De Cuba.
MARRIAGE: See wedding announcement held by R.L. .Whitside, Jan. 10,
1901.
BIRTH:DEATH: Lillian's birth and death dates from the Social Security
Records. #223-62-7397. States born 9 Jan. 1879, Virginia and died July
1970 in Virginia. Wife of Warren. This was obtained from the Ancestry.com
website.
CENSUS: 1910, Alexandria County, Virginia, Lillian R. wife born
Connecticut, 30 years of age.
SOCIAL SECURITY DEATH INDEX: Whitside, Lillian, SS# 223-62-7397, Issue
State-Virginia, Birth 9 June, 1879, Death-July 1970, death
State-Virginia, Last Known Residence-Front Royal, Virginia, 22630

Warren Webster Whitside Col. and Lillian Rigney had the following children:

+9 i. Lillian Madeline Whitside (born on Nov 25 1902).
+10 ii. Elaine Therasa Whitside (born in 1904).
+11 iii. Warren Webster Jr. Whitside (born on Jul 15 1906).

7. Madeline M. Whitside was born on Jan 11 1882 in Washington, DC.25 She died on May 21 1964 in Ackland AFB, Tx. She has reference number 599. She was buried in Arlington Cemetery, VA. BIRTH & MARRIAGE: from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998,
e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside.
Referred to in a letter to Nellie Heath (nee Whitside), RLW library, stating Madeline was with her mother Carrie at home in Tennessee. Also noted in Census Also in a letter to Nellie dated May 4, 1898 from San Antonio, Texas he writes that his only daughter is a sunny, lovely girl, 16 years of age and attending a school in Philadelphia.

MARRIAGE: Subject: RE: Madeline and Archie Miller
Janet,from Janet Simkins [mailto:JanSimkins.js@verizon.net]. The dates you provided me led me to some more information that I thought I would pass on to you. The first is a write up of the MILLER-- WHITSIDE wedding from the Army and Navy Register, 21 October 1905.
According to the paper they were married on Wednesday, 18 October, in Washington, D.C.
"St. Margaret's Episcopal Church in this city was the scene of an extremely pretty wedding 4 o'clock Wednesday when Miss Madeline Whitside, daughter of the late Brigadier General Samuel M. Whitside, was married to Lieutenant Archibald Miller, U.S. Army. Rev. Herbert Scott Smith performed the ceremony. The ushers who seated the guests, including only the most intimate friends of the bride and groom, and their relatives, were Dr. Matthew De Laney, U.S. Army; Lieutenant Gilbert Smith, U.S. Army, and Mr. Victor Whitside, brother of the bride. The bride was unattended. The best man was Captain Morton Jackson Henry, U.S. Army.
The church was more than usually beautiful in its decorations of white and green, palms, ferns and white chrysanthemums being used throughout. The nave on either side of the chancel was hidden from the main church auditorium with a floral screen, made of delicate greens and dotted with white chrysanthemums, making a beautiful and picturesque background for the wedding party. The men in their full dress uniforms and the bride in her white robes and veil made a picture long to be remembered. The bride entered the church with her brother, Lieutenant Warren Whitside, who gave her in marriage. She was an extremely beautiful bride in white chiffon cloth over heavy white satin trimmed with quantities of rare old duchesse lace which has been in her mothers family for years. Her tule veil and
the rare old pearls which she wore were the same which her mother wore at her own wedding. The pearls belonged to the bride's grandmother, the late Mrs. David McGavock of Nashville, Tenn., and are almost priceless. A coronet of them held her veil and she also wore a necklace and large brooch of them. Immediately after the ceremony the bride and groom left for a trip which will consume several weeks, and they will then take up their home at Fort Meade, S.D., where the groom is stationed. There was no reception after the ceremony, owing to the deep mourning of the family."

OBITUARY: Next is Madeline's obituary from the Army and Navy Journal and Register, 30 May 1964.
"MILLER -- Died Wilford Hall Hospital, Lackland AFB, Tex 21 May Mrs Madeline W Miller, 82, mother of Mrs Robert W Burns, wife of Lt. General Burns, USAF, Commander , Air Training Comand, Randolph AFB, Tex; widow of Col Archie Miller, holder of the Medal of Honor; daughter of the late General & Mrs Samuel Whitside; and mother of Col Whitside Miller, USA-Ret, San Pedro, Calif. Also survived by seven grandchildren & five great-grandchildren. Burial Arlington National Cemetery."

-----Original Message-----
From: Janet Simkins [mailto:JanSimkins.js@verizon.net]

She was married to Archibald Miller on Oct 18 1905 in Washington, DC. Archibald Miller was born in 1878.26 He Milit-Beg between 1898 and 1921. He died in 1921. He has reference number 5808. B:MARRIAGE: from data from Samuel L. Russell of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July
1998, e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel
Whitside.
The following is an email back to Greg Miller from Samuel Russell on Jan
06/02

Greg Miller,
I received your package today with the Whitside info. I
greatly appreciate all that you sent. I had very little data on Archie
Miller other than an entry in the 1921 Army and Navy Register following
the crash in which he was killed. The photo of him as a captain
wearing the MOH is outstanding. I would really like to get a picture
of his wife, Madeline, taken about the same time. Or, even better
would be a photo of the two of them with him in uniform (don't know if
such a photo exists). Also, I have very little information on his
brother-in-law, Victor Whitside, and greatly appreciate the copy of the
memorial certificate signed by Pershing.
I especially appreciate the photo of BG S.M. Whitside and his
son, LT W.W. Whitside, standing behind him as I had never seen that
particular picture before. I will certainly send you and your sister,
Jan, a copy of the completed thesis (assuming I'm able to complete it -
I'm up to about 1873).
My parents visited us at Thanksgiving and we went to Fort
Riley. The Cavalry Museum there is excellent. We drove to Camp
Whitside, which is essentially a softball field and a large grassy lot
now. No sign exists designating the location, but it was detailed in a
driving tour pamphlet. The only structure remaining of the camp is an
old crumbling stone bridge. Mom was able to take a small stone as a
memento of the camp her grandfather established, and we took some
photos of us on the bridge. We also went by the Wounded Knee memorial.
In all a great visit.
Again thank you for the information, and I will keep in touch.

V/R, Sam

SAMUEL L. RUSSELL
MAJ, QM

The following has been taken from Major Samuel Russell's thesis "Selfless Service" written in 2002 on the life of General Samuel Whitside.

Madeline, General Whitside's only daughter to survive to adulthood, also served in the Army in her own way when she married Lieutenant Archie Miller, an officer in the 6th Cavalry, on 18 October 1905 in Washington, DC. The couple was stationed in the Philippines where Lieutenant Miller was engaged in action on Patian Island against hostile Moros on 2 July 1909, combat for which he was later awarded the Medal of Honor.

Archie Miller was promoted to captain in April 1911, temporary major in August 1917, temporary lieutenant colonel in the Signal Corps two months later, and finally temporary colonel in the Signal Corps in September 1918. During World War I, Miller was the commanding officer at Kelly Field and later at the aviation field at Waco, Texas, and Camp Greene, North Carolina. In July 1918, Lieutenant Colonel Miller was placed in charge of all the air service activities on Long Island, New York. As a member of the Army Air Service, Miller participated in the New York to Toronto and return air race and the transcontinental race. Tragically, Madeline became an Army widow when the Curtiss-Eagle ambulance airplane in which Lieutenant Colonel Miller was flying crashed during an electrical storm at Morgantown, Maryland, on 28 May 1921, killing the pilot and all six passengers. Colonel Miller was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Madeline survived her husband by forty-three years never remarrying, and following her death on 21 May 1964, she was buried next to him. In 1970, Madeline's sister-in-law, Lillian, the last surviving Whitside of that generation, was also buried in Arlington next to her husband, Colonel Warren W. Whitside, after her death on 6 July.

Madeline M. Whitside and Archibald Miller had the following children:

+12 i. Samuel Whitside Miller (born on Dec 12 1907).
+13 ii. Caroline McGavock Miller (born on Aug 30 1912).

THIRD GENERATION

9. Lillian Madeline Whitside was born on Nov 25 1902 in Cuba. She died on Dec 2 1958. She has reference number 621. CENSUS: See Alexandria, County Indes of the Census of 1910, Lillian R. is
shown as dau. of
Warren W. Whitside, born in Cuba, age 8, (Abt 1902).
CHILD:from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998,
e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside.
States middle name was Madeline. I will accept this.

She was married to Valentin Alexandrovich Samouce about 1929. Valentin Alexandrovich Samouce was born on May 3 1903. He Milit-Beg between 1924 and 1954. He died on Dec 8 1990. He has reference number 5910. Lillian Madeline Whitside and Valentin Alexandrovich Samouce had the following children:

+14 i. Warren Alexander Samouce (born in 1934).
+15 ii. John Whitside Samouce (born on Dec 19 1935).
+16 iii. Lillian Ann Samouce (born on Aug 11 1939).

10. Elaine Therasa Whitside was born in 1904 in CO.27 She died in 1951.28 She has reference number 3378. CEN:See 1910 Index of Census, Dau. of Warren W. Whitside, age 6 yrs, Born
Colorado, This is in Alexandria, Co. Virginia.
BIRTH: from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998,
e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside.
MARRIAGE: from Samuel Russell.

She was married to Carol L. Tyler. Carol L. Tyler Milit-Beg between 1924 and 1954. He has reference number 7430.

11. Warren Webster Jr. Whitside was born on Jul 15 1906 in VT.29 He Milit-Beg between 1934 and 1949. He died on May 22 1969. He has reference number 3379. Big question here is whether his middle initial was E. as in Census or W.
as reported in
Register of Graduates and Former Cadets of the United States Military
Academy.
CENSUS: 1910 Virginia Index of Census (w323) shown as son of Warren W.
Whitside born
Vermont, age is 3. (Abt 1907)
In the Register of Graduates, etc. mentioned above dated 1980 he is
listed as "Whitside, Warren W. Jr. x1931. So I will assume he graduated
in this year. He would be Abt 24 years of age.
I have a Warren Whitside listed in Social Security records, #227-46-8624,
born 23 Nov. 1928 in Virginia, died Sept. 1974.
B:M:DEATH: from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July
1998, e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel
Whitside.

He was married to Virginia Carson. Virginia Carson was born in 1916. She died in 2000.30 She has reference number 7431. Warren Webster Jr. Whitside and Virginia Carson had the following children:

17 i. Virginia Whitside has reference number 7567.
18 ii. Lydia Lynn Whitside has reference number 7568.
+19 iii. Warren Webster iii Whitside (born on Nov 23 1928).

12. Samuel Whitside Miller was born on Dec 12 1907 in Mindinoa, Phillipines. He Milit-Beg between 1929 and 1957. He died on Jul 7 1994. He has reference number 5927. From a web site found in Yahoo under Whitside, as follows:
From Samuel Russel, July 24, 1998
I also found some info while searching the internet for any Whitside data
(in addition to finding your request for any Whitside
info. I've attached the web site address. Let me know if you are unable
to pull it up, in which case I can try to send it to you in a different
form.
During the same search, I found a number of sites with info about Wounded
Knee - most from the Lakota Indian perspective.
Also, some History on Ft Huachuca, which, as you probably know, was
founded by Captain (later Brigadier General) Samuel
M. Whitside. Let me know if you are interested in any of those internet
addresses.
Sincerely,
Sam Russell

It is the memorial that Samuel "Whit" Whitside Miller's daughter, Janet,
wrote and submitted to the U.S. Military Academy and was subsequently
published in the West Point Assembly and posted on the internet
A descendant of President William Henry Harrison and Sir George Rook of
the British Navy, it was his desire from childhood to be in the Army,
especially the Horse Cavalry, like his father and grandfather.
Named Samuel Whitside Miller after his maternal grandfather Samuel
Marmaduke Whitside, "Samuel" was dropped at a young age. He was known as
"Whitside" and later "Whit." The first child of 1st LT Archie Miller of
the 6th Cavalry and Madeline (Whitside) Miller, he was born in Malabang,
Mind-aneo, the Philippine Islands, where his father was stationed.
His father was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for service
during the Philippine Moro Campaign in 1909 and, later, went into the
Army Air Service, commanding airfields on Long Island.

At the age of 8, he went to a private school on the eastern shore of
Maryland. When he was 13, his father was killed in an air crash, the
worst aviation accident at the time. Whitside thought he was being
punished for stealing vegetables from Aunt Mary's garden (she was the
cook at the school). Later sent to Greenbriar Military Academy, his
mother then transferred him to Fishburn Military Academy because it was
closer to Washington, DC, where his mother and sister Caroline lived.
He was 17 when he entered the Academy in 1925. His mother was against it,
thinking he was too young, but he obtained an appointment even though
eligible to attend as the son of a Medal of Honor recipient. Whitside
said, "3 times being a 'rat' (underclassman) was too much for a young
kid," but he survived the hazing. Academics was a struggle (classmates
called him "Maxey"), but math came easily. He spent many a night with a
tiny flashlight "trying to memorize that French!"
On the swim team all 4 years, he broke at least one record in the
backstroke. Classmate GEN Lester Bork remembers "his unfailing good
humor, ability to quietly overcome adversity, and sweet, endearing,
half-quizzical smile."

The 1930s brought various assignments, a short marriage, and son Sims
(who died shortly before Whit). In 1936, he transferred from Infantry to
the Horse Cavalry. After graduation from the Cavalry School at Ft. Riley,
as a first lieutenant with the 2d Cavalry, he sent a letter to the Chief
of Cavalry, War Department saying, "I urgently request to be detailed as
a student in the special Advanced Equitation class of the Cavalry School
for the 1939-40 class. It has long been my cherished ambition to become
as great a cavalryman as my father and grandfather, so that they would
have been justly proud of me had they lived." He was accepted! While
there, he met Maxine Kern of Junction City, KS, at a social, and they
married in 1941. He then went to the 11th Cavalry at Camp Lockett near
San Diego. Still a newlywed when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, he
patrolled the Mexico-California border to detect any possible invasion
from Baja. A sad day of his life was when he had to give up "Danavar,"
his private mount, in 1942 and become a tank commander.
In 1942, their first child Janet was born in transit to Ft. Benning, GA.
Promoted to lieutenant colonel, he served there as the Commanding
Officer, 2d Battalion, 11th Armored Regiment, 10th Armored Division. In
the European Theater of Operations during WWII, he commanded the 712th
Tank Battalion with the 10th Armored Division, one of GEN George S.
Patton's spearhead units into Germany. Later, he was attached to the 29th
Infantry Division as a G-3 staff officer. Post-war years were spent in
Phoenix (where sons Gregory and Whitside were born); Ft. Richardson, AK
(Commander of Special Troops in Alaska); Ft. Meade, MD (daughter Linda
was born and there they socialized with many classmates); and Ft. Mason,
CA, where he retired in 1957. They moved to San Pedro, CA, and last
child, Debora, was born. Whit and Maxine loved playing bridge 4 or 5
times a week in retirement.
But retirement was not good for Whit; alcohol became more and more of a
problem. In 1973, he joined A.A. Later, living in San Diego, he found
real serenity in the program. His family was very proud of him for
turning his life around. It took a strong and determined person to beat
that illness. The last 20 years of his life were dedicated to helping
hundreds of people maintain sobriety, with an unconditional commitment
for everyone in A.A.
Whit also fought a recurring cancer and age was taking its toll. Sadly,
and against his will, the V.A. placed him in a nursing home his last 6
months. His family made it as happy as possible with dinner at his
granddaughter's, lunch with Maxine and his children, a visit to a lake,
or out for ice cream (strawberry!), and he rarely missed the weekly A.A.
meeting that was still important.
Happy to have carried on the tradition of his father and grandfather in
the Horse Cavalry, he continued his proud membership in the 10th Armored
"Tiger" Division and the 29th Division, Limestone Post 72. The oldest
living graduate in the West Point Society of San Diego, he delighted
members each year at the Founder's Day dinner with stories of his Army
experiences. A patriotic American to the end, he leaves wife Maxine, 5
children, 9 grandchildren, 2 great-grandchildren, and sister Carolyn
Burns Jark. Laid to rest in Ft. Huachuca, AZ (founded by his grandfather,
Samuel M. Whitside in 1877), "Army Blue" and "America" were sung at his
funeral. Along with full military honors, he was honored with the
presence of B Troop, 4th Regiment, U.S. Cavalry (Memorial) and the
riderless horse.

He is missed very much.

His daughter, Janet Miller Simkins

He was married to Maxine Kern in 1941. Maxine Kern has reference number 5928. Samuel Whitside Miller and Maxine Kern had the following children:

+20 i. Janet Hope Miller (born on Nov 7 1942).
+21 ii. Gregory Kern Miller (born on Apr 21 1948).
22 iii. Whitside Gerard Miller was born on Feb 16 1950. He has reference number 5932. B:D:from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998,
e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside.
23 iv. Linda Madeline Miller was born on May 20 1955. She has reference number 5933. B:D:from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998,
e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside.
24 v. Deborah Miller was born in Jan 1959. She has reference number 5934. BIRTH: from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998,
e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside.

He was married to Virginia Sims. Virginia Sims has reference number 7569. Samuel Whitside Miller and Virginia Sims had the following children:

25 i. Sims Miller was born in 1936. He died in 1994. He has reference number 7570.

13. Caroline McGavock Miller was born on Aug 30 1912. She has reference number 7439.

She was married to Robert Whitney Burns. Robert Whitney Burns was born in 1908. He Milit-Beg between 1929 and 1964. He died in 1964. He has reference number 7440. Caroline McGavock Miller and Robert Whitney Burns had the following children:

26 i. Robert Whitney ii Burns was born in 1935. He has reference number 7441.
+27 ii. Marsha Whitside Burns (born on Sep 6 1937).

She was married to Carl H. Jark. Carl H. Jark has reference number 7447.

Fourth Generation

14.  Warren Alexander SAMOUCE (Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Judy DONNELLY was born.  Warren Alexander SAMOUCE and Judy DONNELLY had the following children:

        +28                    i.    Michael Donnelly SAMOUCE.
        +29                   ii.    Robert Cooper SAMOUCE.
        +30                  iii.    Kimberley Bishop SAMOUCE.

15.  John Whitside SAMOUCE (Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Mary Ann MISER was born in 1939.  She died in 1989.  She has reference number  5913.  John Whitside SAMOUCE and Mary Ann MISER had the following children:

           31                    i.    Mary Katherine SAMOUCE was born.
        +32                   ii.    Wellington Whitside SAMOUCE.
        +33                  iii.    Jerome Alexander SAMOUCE.

16.  Lillian Ann SAMOUCE (Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Thomas Button RUSSELL was born.  Lillian Ann SAMOUCE and Thomas Button RUSSELL had the following children:

        +34                    i.    Barbara Anne RUSSELL.
        +35                   ii.    Lillian Lorraine RUSSELL.
        +36                  iii.    Thomas Wellington RUSSELL.
        +37                  iv.    Samuel Lawrence RUSSELL.

19.  Warren Webster iii WHITSIDE (Warren Webster Jr.-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born on 23 Nov 1938.  He died on 21 Sep 1974.  He has reference number  5935.  BIRTH:DEATH: from data from Samuel L. Russel of Chesapeake, VA 2332, July 1998, e-mail to RLW. Samuel Russell is a direct descendant of Samuel Whitside. Samuel Russel says he had no sons.  He did have daughters. Mike Tustian of Canton Georgia placed a plaque in the Communication Arts Building honoring Warren Whitside, former professor of Journalism at Georgia Southern. Professor Whitside taught at then Georgia Southern College from 1972-1974 and was a former editor at the Miami Herald. The plaque reads, "Georgia State University, In Memory of Warren "The Chief" Whitside, 1938-1974, Dedicated by his students of 1973-1974.
SOCIAL SECURITY DEATH INDEX: Whitside, Warren, SS# 227-46-8624, Issue State-Virginia, Birth 23 November, 1928, Death-Sept 1974,
HIs wife Cary Solomon Whitside stated in an email dated October 29, 2004 the Index was wrong. W.W. was born November 23, 1938 and died in Sept. 21, 1974.She confirmed that they had 2 daughters Virginia Suich and Lydia Keagy.

Lydia Whitside SOLOMON was born.  Warren Webster iii WHITSIDE and Lydia Whitside SOLOMON had the following children:

        +38                    i.    Virginia WHITSIDE.
        +39                   ii.    Lydia Lynn WHITSIDE.

20.  Janet Hope MILLER (Samuel Whitside-3, Madeline M. WHITSIDE-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Harry Ron SIMKIN was born.  Janet Hope MILLER and Harry Ron SIMKIN had the following children:

        +40                    i.    Leslie Lynn SIMKIN.
           41                   ii.    Scott Ronald SIMKIN was born.

21.  Gregory Kern MILLER (Samuel Whitside-3, Madeline M. WHITSIDE-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Annette ONG was born.

27.  Marsha Whitside BURNS (Caroline McGavock MILLER-3, Madeline M. WHITSIDE-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Louis S. DUPONT was born.  Marsha Whitside BURNS and Louis S. DUPONT had the following children:

           42                    i.    Madeline Louise DUPONT was born.
           43                   ii.    Caroline Burns DUPONT was born.
        +44                  iii.    Gwendolyn DUPONT.

Fifth Generation

28.  Michael Donnelly SAMOUCE (Warren Alexander-4, Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Carol Louise JOHNSON was born.  Michael Donnelly SAMOUCE and Carol Louise JOHNSON had the following children:

           45                    i.    Kyle William SAMOUCE was born.
           46                   ii.    Eric Alexander SAMOUCE was born.
           47                  iii.    Kelly Ann SAMOUCE was born.

29.  Robert Cooper SAMOUCE (Warren Alexander-4, Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Cathy KUGE was born.

30.  Kimberley Bishop SAMOUCE (Warren Alexander-4, Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

John Christopher MINEO was born.  Kimberley Bishop SAMOUCE and John Christopher MINEO had the following children:

           48                    i.    John Cameron MINEO was born.
           49                   ii.    Grace Catherine MINEO was born.

32.  Wellington Whitside SAMOUCE (John Whitside-4, Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Claudia Nichole MADEL was born.  Wellington Whitside SAMOUCE and Claudia Nichole MADEL had the following children:

           50                    i.    Alexander Whitside SAMOUCE was born.

33.  Jerome Alexander SAMOUCE (John Whitside-4, Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Tracy (MNU) SAMOUCE was born.  Jerome Alexander SAMOUCE and Tracy (MNU) SAMOUCE had the following children:

           51                    i.    Avery SAMOUCE was born.

34.  Barbara Anne RUSSELL (Lillian Ann SAMOUCE-4, Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Mark, Anthony BUCKNAM was born.  Barbara Anne RUSSELL and Mark, Anthony BUCKNAM had the following children:

           52                    i.    Elaine Bethany BUCKNAM was born.
           53                   ii.    John Russell BUCKNAM was born.

35.  Lillian Lorraine RUSSELL (Lillian Ann SAMOUCE-4, Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Mark Leslie WAUFORD was born.  Lillian Lorraine RUSSELL and Mark Leslie WAUFORD had the following children:

           54                    i.    Emily Lillian WAUFORD was born.
           55                   ii.    Jonathon Leslie WAUFORD was born.
           56                  iii.    Jerry Thomas WAUFORD was born.

36.  Thomas Wellington RUSSELL (Lillian Ann SAMOUCE-4, Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Victoria Ann PAYNKEWICZ was born.  Thomas Wellington RUSSELL and Victoria Ann PAYNKEWICZ had the following children:

           57                    i.    Caitlin Michele RUSSELL was born.
           58                   ii.    Zachary Thomas RUSSELL was born.
           59                  iii.    Jackson Thomas RUSSELL was born.

37.  Samuel Lawrence RUSSELL (Lillian Ann SAMOUCE-4, Lillian Madeline WHITSIDE-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Kimberley Jo MCDANIEL was born.  Samuel Lawrence RUSSELL and Kimberley Jo MCDANIEL had the following children:

           60                    i.    Michael Wellington RUSSELL was born.
           61                   ii.    Virginia Ann RUSSELL was born.
           62                  iii.    Caroline Lynn RUSSELL was born.

38.  Virginia WHITSIDE (Warren Webster iii-4, Warren Webster Jr.-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

SUICH was born.

39.  Lydia Lynn WHITSIDE (Warren Webster iii-4, Warren Webster Jr.-3, Warren Webster-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

KEAGY was born.

40.  Leslie Lynn SIMKIN (Janet Hope MILLER-4, Samuel Whitside-3, Madeline M. WHITSIDE-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

John Anthony III KOMLOAY was born.

44.  Gwendolyn DUPONT (Marsha Whitside BURNS-4, Caroline McGavock MILLER-3, Madeline M. WHITSIDE-2, Samuel Marmaduke-1) was born.

Carl  Jark HENRY was born in 1907.  [NEED TO DEFINE SENTENCE: Milit-Beg]  He died in 1984.  He has reference number  7572.

SAMUEL RUSSELL THESIS ON GENERAL SAMUEL M. WHITSIDE

Edited with Permission of S.R. by Robert Whitside

INTRODUCTION

The careers of the senior Army officers at the end of the nineteenth century were highlighted by extreme self-sacrifice and devotion to duty and country, but history has largely forgotten these patriots. One of these officers was Brigadier General Samuel M. Whitside, a distinguished cavalry officer who faithfully served his nation from 1858 to 1902. He commanded at every level from platoon to department for thirty-two of his forty-four years in service, including Army posts such as Camp Huachuca, Jefferson Barracks, and Fort Sam Houston, the Departments of Eastern Cuba and Santiago and Puerto Principe, Cuba, a provisional cavalry brigade, the 10th and 5th Cavalry Regiments, a squadron in the 7th Cavalry Regiment, and a troop in the 6th Cavalry Regiment. Pictured in figure 1 is General Whitside in Manzanillo, Cuba, in 1901 while serving as the commander of the District of Santiago, his final assignment before retiring in June 1902 as a brigadier general in the U.S. Army.

Despite his many contributions to the Army during his forty-four years of service, most history books record only two events during his career: the founding of Fort Huachuca, Arizona, and his role as a battalion commander during the Battle of Wounded Knee Creek. While these two events are clearly the most noteworthy in Whitside's four decades in the U.S. cavalry, a look at his entire career provides an insight into the great personal sacrifices the leaders and their families made in the frontier Army in the later half of the nineteenth century. By looking at General Whitside's life and times during his nearly half-century of service to the nation this thesis will attempt to show that he and his peers were extraordinary officers whose personal sacrifices stand as an example of selfless service to today's military members.
There are historical works documenting Whitside's contributions in establishing Fort Huachuca. Similarly, there are numerous texts that analyze the Battle of Wounded Knee, and in so doing, detail Whitside's involvement. There is, however, no single concise historical documentation that adequately details General Whitside's entire military career. The significance of this thesis is to provide a detailed accounting of Whitside's service from his enlistment as a private in the General Mounted Service in 1858 to his retirement as a brigadier general in 1902 and frame his career in terms of the times in which he served. In the process of detailing Whitside's career, the author will attempt to show that the men who served in the U.S. Army during the later half of the nineteenth century epitomized the concept of selfless service.
It must be recognized up-front that the author is a direct descendant of General Whitside. As a part time genealogist and a grandson twice removed of S. M. Whitside, the author has conducted research on this subject for more than six years. Additionally, the author has contacted several of Whitside's living descendants and obtained some primary source information in the form of personal letters and photographs. Despite a direct relationship to the subject, albeit four generations removed, the author will attempt to present this thesis in an objective and unbiased manner.
The author developed this thesis using a combination of primary and secondary sources. The primary sources include official reports and correspondence, diary entries, personal letters, memoirs, and other firsthand accounts. Where secondary sources fail to document details of Whitside's career, the author has used regimental histories and monthly post and regiment returns. The author has also contacted the Fort Huachuca Museum and obtained photocopies of pertinent Whitside documents and electronic images of several Whitside photographs archived at the Museum.

For forty-three years S. M. Whitside literally rode "to the sounds of the guns." This thesis will show that General Whitside's service to the nation, thirty-seven years of which was at battalion level or below, stands out to today's officer corps as an example of selfless service.

SERVICE IN THE CIVIL WAR

In writing about the forty-three year military career of General Whitside and detailing the personal sacrifices he made in serving his nation, it is necessary to look at how his career started and why he chose the path he did. Why did men like Whitside enlist in a small constabulary Army in antebellum America? As the fledgling United States entered its most cataclysmic event, what opportunities did the massive expansion of the Army provide to the officers and soldiers of the regular Army, and what were their first experiences of combat like? Why were some junior officers propelled to more senior leadership positions in volunteer units while others served at the level of their regular ranks functioning as aides and staff officers? In Whitside's case what effect did disease and illness, rampant in both the Union and Confederate forces, have on his Civil War service? Each of these questions goes to the heart of identifying how the formative years of this future general officer would shape his career.

Recruiting
On the eve of the Civil War the regular Army was small and spread throughout the United States and its expanding territories. The Army consisted of 1,100 officers and slightly more than 15,000 enlisted men that were divided among nineteen regiments: ten of infantry, four of artillery, two each of dragoons and cavalry, and one of mounted riflemen. These regiments were comprised of 197 companies, 179 of which were spread out over seventy-nine isolated posts in the western territories. The other eighteen companies were manning ten garrisons in the east, primarily along the Atlantic coast and the Canadian border. It was into this Army that Samuel Marmaduke Whitside, a nineteen-year-old bookkeeper from New York, enlisted in the General Mounted Service on 10 November 1858 at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania.
The majority of the men in the enlisted ranks during the 1850s were immigrants. A comprehensive survey of 5,000 soldiers that entered the Army between 1850 and 1859 revealed that sixty percent were born outside the United States. Whitside was no exception. Although there is some discrepancy as to where he was born, it clearly was not in the United States. According to military records he was born 9 January 1839 in Toronto, Canada, but genealogical research reveals that he may actually have been born in Ireland and moved at the age of four to Canada with his father and brothers. Whitside may have indicated at the time of his enlistment in the U.S. Army that he was born in Toronto because that is where he grew up and because he may have wished to avoid a real or perceived prejudice against Irish Americans in the United States that was prevalent in the mid-1800s.
Like most men enlisting in the Army in 1858, Samuel Whitside's primary incentive was most likely the economic conditions of the time. Just as today, recruitment in the peacetime army during the 1850s was directly affected by the ups and downs of the economy. In an 1856 survey on recruitment an Army doctor indicated, "Where there is, as a general rule, ample and remunerating employment for mechanics and laboring men, there is but little inducement to enter a service where the pay is small, and the duties both arduous and dangerous." The economy was good at the time the doctor made this statement, but within a year the Panic of 1857 signaled the onset of depression and swelled the ranks of the unemployed to 200,000. The depressed economy and high unemployment rate had a positive effect on army recruitment as the number of men enlisting in the service almost doubled from 1857 to 1858.
Since economics was the primary reason men enlisted in the Army, as they were unable to obtain employment elsewhere, it comes as no surprise to learn that many of these men were illiterate. While illiteracy rates improved in the Army from the 1820s to the 1850s, still twenty-five percent of enlisted men were unable to read or write in 1858. Whitside was not one of these men. As a child he attended Normal School in Toronto and also indicated at the time of his enlistment that he attended Careyville Academy in New York. His education was a likely factor in his being promoted to corporal in 1859 just a year after enlisting in the Army while serving as permanent party at Carlisle Barracks.
Whitside's reason for entering the mounted arm of the Army may have stemmed from some equestrian experience obtained at military school or, perhaps, like many recruits in the General Mounted Service, he preferred the notion of riding to battle versus walking. In either case Whitside found his niche and spent his first two-and-a-half years at Carlisle Barracks in an assignment that would prepare him well for a life in the cavalry. In March 1833 Congress re-established mounted forces in the U.S. Army by authorizing one regiment of dragoons. The War Department followed this up by creating the General Mounted Service to provide recruits for the dragoons and later for the mounted riflemen and cavalry. In 1835 the Army designated Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, as the cavalry training school under the command of Captain Edwin Sumner. This School for Dragoons was disbanded in 1842 following the Seminole War but was revived in 1847. It was there in 1858 that Whitside attended his initial six-week training and where he would remain as permanent cadre. His initial duties consisted of caring for the horses that were used for training new recruits in the basics of horsemanship. After promotion to corporal in 1859, Whitside instructed recruits in basic riding skills, marksmanship, and the care of weapons. Whitside's duties in the recruiting service took him to several places in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Kentucky, and Ohio from 1859 to 1860 and provided bedrock experience in both recruiting and training new troopers on which he would draw during the expansion of the Army at the onset of the Civil War.
Expansion of the Army
With the outbreak of war the federal government began activating state militias and expanded the regular Army. On 3 May 1861, two weeks after the fall of Fort Sumter, President Lincoln issued a proclamation directing the expansion of the regular Army by adding ten new regiments: eight infantry, one artillery, and one cavalry. Interestingly, this was the only expansion of the regular Army during the duration of the Civil War; all other Union forces came from state militias and volunteer regiments. The Adjutant General's Office followed up the president's proclamation the next day with General Order 16, which detailed the organization of the new regiments with the cavalry being comprised of two companies per squadron, two squadrons per battalion, and three battalions in the regiment. In this new regimental structure, squadrons and battalions were formed on an ad hoc basis with the senior captain from the two companies commanding the squadron, and one of the regiment's three majors commanding a battalion.
With this expansion of the Army promotions came rapidly for both officers and enlisted soldiers. General Order 16, which detailed the organization of the new regiments, also directed that one-third of the officers in each regiment should be taken from among the sergeants on the recommendation of the regimental commander and approved by the brigade commander. In June when the AGO assigned officers to the 3rd Cavalry, later redesignated the 6th Cavalry, four of the second lieutenants were commissioned from the enlisted ranks: First Sergeant Spangler from Company H, 2nd Cavalry, First Sergeant McGrath from Company I, Mounted Rifles, First Sergeant McQuade from Company F, Mounted Rifles, and Sergeant McLellan from Company H, 2nd Cavalry. Corporal Samuel Whitside was assigned on 27 July to the 3rd Cavalry to fill a vacant noncommissioned officer position, and on 1 August he was promoted to sergeant major of the regiment. His assignment to the new regiment and promotion to sergeant major were likely due to his experience in recruiting and training new troopers, experience that was indispensable to an as yet unformed regiment mobilizing for war.
Following the Union defeat at the Battle of Bull Run on 21 July 1861, the federal government realized that the War of the Rebellion would last much longer than most Americans originally speculated. Not lost on the Union military leaders was the devastating effect that Colonel J.E.B. Stuart's Black Horse Cavalry had on the retreating federal lines at Bull Run. An editorial in The New York Times a month and a half earlier predicted that, "should a fight between the two [North and South] be prolonged . . . the South has one reliance in reserve of which the North is almost destitute . . . a well-trained cavalry." The Union would spend the next year playing catch-up. The new commander of the Army of the Potomac, General George B. McClellan, sent correspondence to President Lincoln requesting twenty-eight regiments of cavalry manned with 25,500 troopers. The federal government, which had opposed greatly expanding this most expensive arm of the military, relented to McClellan's request, and recruitment into the cavalry began in earnest.
As at the beginning of most wars, patriotism among the American populace was high, and enthusiasm for military service, the cavalry in particular, quickly swelled the ranks of newly formed units. The 6th Cavalry Regiment recruited troopers in the same manner in which volunteer regiments were raised, except that the officers were appointed by the Adjutant General's Office rather then elected from among the ranks. Recruiting for cavalrymen began immediately following Regimental Order No. 1, which assigned officers to companies and companies to squadrons. With the regimental headquarters at Pittsburgh, the 6th Cavalry officers began recruiting throughout Pennsylvania, Ohio, and western New York. In less than a month the 6th Cavalry recruited more than 600 men, and on 12 September moved to Bladensburg, Maryland, where it trained and received its mounts. Sergeant Major Whitside, a mere twenty-two years old, was, nonetheless, well suited for the work at hand after training recruits in the General Mounted Service at Carlisle Barracks for the previous thirty months. As the sergeant major, Whitside was at the head of the non-commissioned officers, from whom he exacted implicit obedience. Due to the experience of the regular Army officers and non-commissioned officers such as Sergeant Major Whitside, the 6th Cavalry did not face many of the difficulties that volunteer cavalry regiments faced in trying to train new recruits and fresh horses in the details of cavalry tactics. After filling the ranks of the majority of companies and completing a basic level of training, the regiment moved on 12 October 1861 to a camp established east of Washington, D.C.
On arrival in the nation's capitol, Lieutenant Colonel Emory, then commanding the regiment, began filling some additional officer vacancies. Several of the officers originally assigned to the new cavalry regiment declined their appointments to accept higher positions in the U.S. Volunteers, including Colonel Hunter, the regimental commander. This opened up additional promotions to soldiers from the ranks. On 25 October four new second lieutenants were assigned to the regiment, and on 1 November three more sergeants were offered commissions; among these was Sergeant Major Samuel M. Whitside. He accepted his appointment as a second lieutenant in the 6th U.S. Cavalry on 4 November 1861 and assumed the duties of a platoon leader in Company K. Each cavalry company was authorized one captain, one first lieutenant, and one second lieutenant. His commander was Captain Charles R. Lowell and the company's first lieutenant was James F. Wade.
As a newly commissioned officer with no formal training for such an appointment, Whitside likely consulted the Army's latest doctrine to ensure he understood and was complying with the duties of his new position. One source he may have consulted was Baron Von Steuben's "Blue Book" written more than eight decades earlier as a means of instilling discipline in the Continental Army
Perhaps of even greater value to the newly commissioned lieutenant was the Army's latest manual governing cavalry regiments. Written by Colonel Philip St. George Cooke, Cavalry Tactics: or, Regulations for the Instruction, Formations, and Movements of the Cavalry of the Army and Volunteers of the United States was issued by the War Department at about the time Whitside was commissioned. According to Cavalry Tactics, Whitside as the junior lieutenant was likely assigned as the commander of the fourth platoon. This manual was his primary source of instruction, and he undoubtedly became conversant in its scope, for it dictated that, "Every officer should be at least able to command according to his rank. No one will be considered fully instructed unless he can also explain and execute all that is contained in this book." The new second lieutenant and the newly formed 6th U.S. Cavalry would receive their "baptism of fire" during General McClellan's Peninsular campaign the following spring.

PICTURE
Figure 2. Above is Second Lieutenant Samuel M. Whitside sitting at a desk at 6th Cavalry Headquarters in 1862. When first commissioned, Lieutenant Whitside served as the acting adjutant of the regiment, which may reflect his level of education and administrative skills, the same skills for which he was likely commissioned.
Source: Photograph courtesy of the Fort Huachuca Museum .

The Peninsular Campaign
Major General George B. McClellan began his much anticipated Peninsular campaign on 17 March 1862 when twelve divisions embarked by transport to Fort Monroe. The 6th Cavalry Regiment, then under the command of Major Lawrence A. Williams, was attached from the cavalry reserve to 1st Brigade, Cavalry Division, in the Army of the Potomac where it would serve during the duration of the campaign. On 10 March the 6th Cavalry departed their winter quarters in the nation's capitol and marched to Fairfax Court House where it was assigned to General Cooke's cavalry division. It conducted a reconnaissance of Centerville, Manassas, and Bull Run then embarked from Alexandria for Fort Monroe, arriving on 30 March. On 4 April the Army of the Potomac moved up the Peninsula with the 6th Cavalry in advance armed with sabers and pistols in the role of light cavalry.
McClellan approached Yorktown with 112,000 Union troops. Despite his efficiency as a great military administrator, he would prove overly cautious as a field commander. The Confederates at Yorktown held an eight-mile front with fewer than 17,000 men. Rather than attack, McClellan overestimated the enemy's strength and settled into a month long siege. On 3 May Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston, now with 60,000 men, abandoned Yorktown for better prepared defensive positions closer to Richmond. General J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry covered the Confederate withdrawal, and General Stoneman's Union cavalry division, led by the 6th Cavalry Regiment, attacked at Williamsburg.
This was both the regiment's and Whitside's first action in combat. A squadron from the 6th Cavalry commanded by Captain William P. Sanders came under severe fire from enemy cavalry while crossing a ravine. The squadron pushed across, and the enemy followed in pursuit up a hill. Sanders quickly turned his squadron around by platoons and charged, driving the enemy back into the ravine. Lieutenant Whitside was leading his platoon in a squadron led by Captain Charles Lowell. As Lowell was commanding the squadron Lieutenant Wade was likely commanding the company, in which case Whitside would be leading the first platoon with the most senior non-commissioned officer taking over the fourth platoon. Lowell, on Sanders' flank, wheeled his squadron around in support of Captain Sanders' charge. Several of the troopers from the 6th Cavalry in Sanders' squadron were unhorsed in the deep ravine and were subsequently captured, resulting in the unit's first combat casualties. The result of this engagement was little more than an insignificant rear guard action in which the Union Army suffered greater casualties than the Confederates, but it began the Union advance toward Richmond.
The 6th Cavalry departed Williamsburg on 7 May and continued to pursue the enemy towards Richmond. On the afternoon of 9 May the regimental commander received a report that an element of about twenty Confederate cavalrymen were in the vicinity of Slatersville. Major Williams dispatched Captain Sanders' company of thirty-two men and Captain Lowell's squadron of fifty-five men, including Lieutenant Whitside's platoon. Soon after departing, Captain Sanders' company discovered a vedette, a mounted sentinel stationed in advance of pickets, in the woods to their right. Sanders wheeled his company about and moved into the woods. Lowell, who was in advance of Sanders, had his squadron take up a gallop and led the charge. The Confederates retreated toward some buildings and poured a heavy volume of fire into Lowell's men as they came into view. As Captain Sanders' company emerged from the woods a previously concealed Confederate squadron approached on his left. Sanders immediately charged the enemy squadron, which outnumbered his company. The Confederates retreated, and yet another enemy squadron appeared and advanced on the small company. Sanders again wheeled his company about and charged the second squadron, causing them to also retreat. Now greatly outnumbered, Captain Sanders rallied his men and began to signal a withdrawal. By this time Captain Lowell had pursued the enemy through the town and could not hear the bugler now sounding recall. Realizing the Confederates had a vastly larger force, Lowell managed to turn his squadron about and withdraw before the enemy realized it opposed such a small force. Following the engagement, Lieutenants Whitside, Hutchins, and Coats were commended for their good conduct during the affair. During the remainder of May, Lieutenant Whitside led his platoon of troopers in battle at New Bridge on the 20th, Ellison's Mills on the 23rd, and Hanover Court House from the 27th to the 29th as the Army of the Potomac fought toward the Confederate capitol.
On 31 May Confederate General Johnston was wounded, and President Jefferson Davis named General Robert E. Lee as the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. In preparation to assume the offense, General Lee directed that General J.E.B. Stuart conduct a cavalry raid to the rear of McClellan's right flank in order to obtain critical intelligence on the Union rear operations. Stuart's reconnaissance humbled McClellan and the Union cavalry when the flamboyant officer led 1,200 Confederate troopers on their famous ride around the Army of the Potomac. After General "Stonewall" Jackson linked up with General Lee, the Confederate commander took the offensive with the Seven Days Battles. During this period in the campaign, Lieutenant Whitside led his platoon of troopers at Black Creek on 26 June where the 6th Cavalry and a platoon of artillery successfully defended against several attempts to force a passage. However, the tide of the campaign shifted to the Confederates as the Federals withdrew back toward Norfolk. Whitside led his platoon in the final engagement of the campaign at Malvern Hill on 5 August. After the campaign, General Alfred Pleasanton made the following comment in his report of the operation, which covered the withdrawal from the peninsula.
I respectfully request of the General commanding that an appreciation of the gallant bearing of the men of this command may be evinced by permitting the following named regiments and batteries to inscribe on their colors " Malvern Hill, August 5th, 1862": the Sixth Regular Cavalry, the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, Robertson's battery of horse artillery and Benson's battery of horse artillery. These were the only troops that were actually engaged with the enemy on that day; the only troops that followed in pursuit, and that were the last to leave the field when the army was withdrawn. They victoriously closed the fighting of the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula.

Malvern Hill was the last engagement of the campaign and also the last time Lieutenant Whitside led troops in combat during the war. It would be more than twenty-eight years before Whitside would again lead troops in battle, at a place called Wounded Knee. On 31 August 1862 the 6th Cavalry embarked from Yorktown and returned to Alexandria, Virginia. Shortly after its arrival in Washington, D.C., The New York Times concluded, "that the War Department has at length found out the mistake [of not having an effective mounted arm], and if Stuart and his men have been influential in opening their eyes, let us be thankful for it."

Aides and Staff Officers
A continual problem in the regular Army units throughout the war was the absence of officers. A number of officers obtained temporary promotions to higher commands in the Volunteers yet remained on the roles of their regular Army units. For an example one need look no further than the colonel of the 6th Cavalry Regiment. Colonel David Hunter was assigned as the regimental commander in June 1861 when the regiment was originally established. He was serving as a paymaster at the time and was also offered a generalship in the Volunteers, which he accepted. In June 1865 Hunter was still assigned as the regiment's colonel but was serving as a major general in the Volunteers and had never served a day in the 6th Cavalry Regiment.
Still others were detached from their units to serve as aides-de-camp or fill additional staff positions. These assignments were often at the expense of the regiment, which was deprived of these much-needed junior officers, and the officers themselves, who were put into positions that did not advance them professionally. In January 1861 Lieutenant Colonel Emory, who was commanding the 6th Cavalry in Colonel Hunter's absence, expressed his exasperation in a letter stating:
The unremitted instruction given this regiment is all in vain without the presence of officers to retain and enforce the instruction. . . .
The best old cavalry requires more officers in proportion to the men than are with this, a regiment of a few months standing. Without proper officers, no effort can make good cavalry, and all military authorities agree that bad cavalry is worse than useless.
It is not only the positive inconvenience resulting from the absence of these officers, but it is the discontent fastened in the minds of those left behind, who are equally desirous of obtaining high commands in the volunteer forces.

Lieutenant Whitside was one such officer. During the Peninsular campaign, he served briefly as an acting aide-de-camp to General George McClellan. Following that campaign, he was assigned in September 1862 as an aide-de-camp to General Nathaniel Banks. Later he would serve as an aide on the staff of General Martindale and again as an aide to General Pleasanton. Although he would remain on the 6th Cavalry Regiment's roles throughout the Civil War, he would not serve with the regiment again until after the war in 1865.

Aide to General Banks
Nathaniel Banks had been a U.S. Congressman and was the governor of Massachusetts at the outset of the war. His political appointment as a major general in the U.S. Volunteers succeeded in rallying support for the war effort. However, as a field commander he was sorely lacking. As the commander, Department of the Shenandoah, he was routed by General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson and dubbed "Commissary Banks" by the Confederates for his enormous loss of supplies. Jackson defeated Banks again at Cedar Mountain and he made a poor showing at the Second Battle of Bull Run as a corps commander in General Pope's Army of Virginia. Major General Banks took command of the Military District of Washington in September 1862 when Lieutenant Whitside joined his staff. A month later Banks was appointed commander of the Department of the Gulf and Whitside continued to serve as his aide during the Red River campaign of 1863.
General Banks and his staff arrived at New Orleans, Louisiana where he assumed command of the Department of the Gulf on 17 December 1862. Lieutenant Whitside was the junior of seven aides-de-camp on Banks' staff. As an aide, Whitside's duties were probably similar to those of another cavalry lieutenant, George A. Custer, who was commissioned six months prior to Whitside and had served as McClellan's aide during the Peninsular campaign. Custer guided engineering parties, mapped the country, and rode between column formations carrying messages while on the march. During the upcoming Red River campaign Whitside was also engaged in reconnoitering the countryside for supplies and crops, at one point reporting "1,000 bales of cotton at Barre's Landing."
General Banks' instructions were to assist in opening the Mississippi. To this end he garrisoned 20,000 men at New Orleans and occupied Baton Rouge with an additional 10,000 soldiers. The Confederates countered in January 1863 by sending Lieutenant General Edmund Kirby Smith from Tennessee to command the Department of Louisiana and Texas. Confederate Major General Franklin Gardner held Port Hudson, Louisiana with 15,000 men. General Banks was unwilling to move against Port Hudson until after he had cleared the west bank of the Mississippi River, and spent most of the Spring moving from Baton Rouge to Alexandria during his Red River campaign of 1863.

Illness and Disease During the War
As in any war predating modern medicine, disease was the number one cause of casualties for both Confederate and Union forces during the Civil War. Summer months were especially difficult with the onset of typhoid, malaria, dysentery, and other maladies. In Surgeon General William A. Hammond's annual report for 1861--1862 he boasted that the previous year had been "remarkably excellent" as there were no epidemics on a large scale; this was a year in which five percent of the Union Army died of disease. During the course of the war, the average soldier became ill more than twice each year.
Samuel Whitside had more than his share of illnesses during the war. At the conclusion of the Peninsular campaign he was placed on sick leave on 15 August 1862. The cause of his illness, which lasted more than a month, is not recorded in his medical records, but he seemed to recover as he reported to duty on the staff of General Banks on 22 September. He was taken ill again a year later during Banks' Red River campaign of 1863 in Louisiana. He was unable to perform field duty and was assigned on 2 July to light duty as an aide on the staff of General John H. Martindale who commanded the Military District of Washington. Whitside's records indicate that he originally suffered from "congestion of the spleen and sympathetic pain affecting the heart." On 5 October 1863 he was declared unfit for duty "on account of severe injury received, affecting the chest and left side, and also suffering the affects of intermittent fever." Apparently his condition worsened for on 10 November of that same year Whitside was diagnosed with smallpox. Regulations required that recruits be vaccinated against smallpox, and it is likely that Whitside was vaccinated when he originally entered the Army five years earlier. Revaccination was an accepted practice after the middle of 1862, but many physicians used human vaccination scabs rather than animal virus to revaccinate soldiers. Many soldiers became ill after receiving vaccinations and this may have been the cause of Whitside's bout with smallpox. He appeared before an examining board, and was placed on sick leave from 14 November 1863 to 26 January 1864. His health had apparently improved to the point that he was reassigned to duties as an aide. His assignment to another staff position may indicate that Whitside was not yet fully recovered and fit for field duty with his regiment.

Aide to General Pleasanton
Whitside was promoted to first lieutenant on 25 January 1864, and the following day was assigned as aide-de-camp to Major General Alfred Pleasanton, who four days earlier had been relieved from his post as commanding general of the Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac. General Pleasanton graduated from West Point in 1844 and was assigned to the dragoons. He fought in Mexico and against the Seminoles in Florida. A captain at the start of the Civil War, he was promoted to major in the regular army in 1862. Despite an unimpressive combat record and a reputation for failure in gathering intelligence, he moved up steadily through the senior command positions in the cavalry, first as a brigadier and later a major general in the U.S. Volunteers. On 12 February 1864 General Pleasanton was reinstated as the commanding general of the Cavalry Corps, and Whitside continued to serve as his aide.
As the corps commander, General Pleasanton opposed what became known as the Kilpatrick-Dahlgren Raid. The raid attempted to free Federal prisoners of war held in overcrowded Richmond prisons and distribute amnesty proclamations among the Confederates. Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick, commanding general of the 3rd Division of Pleasanton's Cavalry Corps, and Colonel Ulric Dahlgren led the raid on 28 February. Kilpatrick, with 3,600 specially selected cavalrymen, was able to penetrate General J.E.B. Stuart's pickets and reached the Richmond fortifications by 1 March but found them too strong to assault and withdrew toward Norfolk where he linked up with General Benjamin F. Butler's forces at New Kent Court House. In a separate engagement Colonel Dahlgren was killed, and the Confederates found papers on his body detailing intent to burn Richmond and kill Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his cabinet. Despite the failure of the Kilpatrick-Dahlgren Raid, many backers of the operation greatly resented General Pleasanton's opposition to the raid, and he was again relieved of command of the Cavalry Corps on 25 March when General U. S. Grant reorganized the Army of the Potomac.
Lieutenant Whitside was not there to see his commanding general relieved as he had been reassigned from General Pleasanton's staff on 11 March and was again under medical treatment in Washington, DC. Apparently he had a relapse from his earlier illness. Perhaps because Whitside was still not fit for field duty, he was assigned to Providence, Rhode Island, where he served as the mustering and dispersing officer until February 1865. He spent the remainder of the war mustering units into and out of federal service.

Downsizing
On 23 and 24 May 1865 President Andrew Johnson and throngs of onlookers watched excitedly as 130,000 Union soldiers passed in review down Pennsylvania Avenue in the nation's capitol. There were more than a million men in blue, and work had already begun to formally beat their swords into plowshares. To this end, Lieutenant Whitside was assigned in March 1865 as chief commissary of musters for the Army of the Shenandoah in West Virginia and Virginia where he mustered more than 30,000 Union soldiers out of service. The rapidly shrinking Army immediately turned its attention to the duties of reconstruction in the South and pacification of the Indians in the West while Congress wrestled with the size of the peacetime Army.
During this turbulent downsizing when hundreds of units were deactivated and thousands of soldiers mustered out of the service, the regular regiments such as the 6th Cavalry experienced an equally turbulent time period as they reorganized and prepared for duty on the frontier. Regular Army regiments were greatly under strength at the end of the war primarily because volunteer regiments paid handsome bounties for recruits, leaving the regular regiments unable to compete for manpower. At one point following heavy losses, the troopers of the 6th Cavalry Regiment were consolidated into two provisional companies, and as the Army of the Potomac pressed the Confederates toward Appomattox, the reserve brigade of the Cavalry Corps, to which the 6th Cavalry belonged, had fewer than 500 soldiers, half of what one regiment was authorized. An examination of the list of officers on the roles of the 6th Cavalry in June 1865 reveals that of the thirty-five officers assigned, only eight were actually performing duty with the 6th Cavalry, and no second lieutenants were assigned to the regiment. Over the summer of 1865 the regiment received hundreds of recruits, many having just been mustered out of volunteer units. In September Lieutenant Whitside rejoined the regiment as the first lieutenant of Company A. The regiment was headquartered at Frederick, Maryland, and was preparing for duty in the Department of Texas. On 15 October the regiment loaded on rail cars and moved to Battery Barracks, New York, and then embarked aboard the steamship Herman Livingston for New Orleans and ultimately for Texas where it would take on the duties of reconstruction and protection of settlers from hostile Indians.
Lieutenant Whitside's initial assignment in the General Mounted Service at the Cavalry School at Carlisle Barracks prepared him well for the duties encountered in standing up a new regiment in 1861, and also set the tone for the remainder of his career. Whitside would be detached from his regiment on several occasions for duty in the recruiting service. His service during the Civil War saw him promoted rapidly through the ranks to the status of a commissioned officer, a position that was probably unimaginable to him as a corporal in 1860. As a junior officer he experienced firsthand the horrors of combat and led his platoon effectively in battle during the five-month Peninsular campaign. As an aide to a general at the department level during a campaign through Louisiana, Whitside observed how the senior levels of command operated in wartime. The devastating effect of illness and injury took Whitside out of action during the latter half of the Civil War. Yet despite being declared unfit for duty, Whitside refused to accept a medical discharge and eventually recovered fully. It would be eleven years before he would again find himself encumbered by illness. The experiences of the first seven years of Whitside's career helped to mold him into an effective cavalry leader, but as trying as those times were, the next two decades on the western frontier would be personally and professionally more demanding, less glamorous, extremely turbulent, and require far greater personal sacrifice.

SERVICE ON THE FRONTIER
The twenty-five years following the Civil War were difficult ones indeed for the men and their families who served in the shrinking Army, which functioned as little more than a constabulary force in the South and West. The period from 1865 to 1887 was perhaps the most demanding of Whitside's career. With the exception of three years of recruiting service in the East and mid-West, Whitside spent the next twenty-five years at various frontier posts in the Departments of Texas, Missouri, Arizona, and Dakota. During this period, he married and raised a family under circumstances that caused many men to cut short their military careers. Yet despite many hardships he continued to serve his nation selflessly.

Department of Texas
Following the Civil War the regular Army began replacing volunteer units in the South and took up the undesirable mission of reconstruction. Additionally, the Army focused on its pre-war mission of opening up the vast western frontier and protecting settlers from hostile Indians. Robert M. Utley, perhaps the preeminent historian of the frontier military, described the post-Civil War Army in this manner:
In a sense this new Regular Army became two armies, one serving the Congress in the Reconstruction South, the other serving the Executive in the frontier West. Although personnel and units moved easily between the two armies, only in Texas, where the frontier and South merged, did they overlap.

Texas, where the duties of reconstruction and western pacification merged, is where the 6th U.S. Cavalry would serve for the next six years. Recently rearmed, refitted, and reorganized at Frederick, Maryland, the 6th Cavalry, now commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Samuel D. Sturgis, disembarked at Galveston, Texas, on 12 November 1865 following a two-week cruise by steamship from Battery Barracks, New York, with a two day stop at New Orleans. The voyage was not without incident as the regiment was forced to throw some of its horses overboard to lighten the vessel during a violent storm off the coast of Cape Hatteras. The regiment arrived at its final destination, Austin, where, on 29 November, it established Camp Sanders, named in honor of Brigadier General William P. Sanders, who had commanded a company and squadron in the 6th Cavalry during the Peninsular campaign and was mortally wounded at Campbell's Station, Tennessee, during the siege of Knoxville while serving as chief of cavalry, Department of the Ohio.
While the 6th Cavalry headquarters remained in Austin, the line companies were spread throughout the Texas frontier. First Lieutenant Samuel Whitside continued to serve in Company A, 6th Cavalry at Austin for four months. Then in March 1866 the company was ordered to western Texas to protect settlers there and reestablish a military presence that had all but disappeared during the Civil War. Company A went to Lockhart, then Sherman, and finally established a post at Jacksboro where Whitside served as the post quartermaster.
Major General Philip H. Sheridan, commanding the Fifth Military District, which included the states of Florida, Louisiana, and Texas, highlighted in his annual report to the secretary of war in 1867 the state of affairs with the Comanche, Kiowa, and Arapaho Indians in western Texas.
A few Indian depredations occurred on the frontier of Texas, arising principally from the adventurous character of the extreme frontier settlers, who, pushing out towards the Indian territory, thereby incurred the risk of coming in contact with hostile Indians; for there were no treaties with the Indians as far as the Texan border was concerned, and the extreme line of frontier settlements was regarded as the "dead line," below which, if an Indian came, he was killed if overtaken, and above which, white men were treated in the same manner by the Indians.

In an attempt to protect settlers along this "dead line" Major General Charles Griffin, commanding the Department of Texas, began reinforcing this line of frontier settlements in 1866 and 1867 through western Texas by creating three new military posts, Camps Richardson, Wilson, and Concho, and linking them with existing posts, Forts Belknap, Cooper, and Chadbourne. Elements of the 6th Cavalry under the command of Lieutenant Colonel S. D. Sturgis established Camp Wilson in July 1867 and named the post in memory of Second Lieutenant Henry H. Wilson, who died six months earlier while serving with the 6th Cavalry and was the son of Senator Wilson from Massachusetts. General Griffin briefly succeeded Major General Sheridan as the commander of the Fifth Military District but died of yellow fever in 1867. Camp Wilson was renamed Griffin in memory of the late commanding general.

Brevets, Promotions, and Pay
On the 6th U.S. Cavalry Regiment return for February 1867, Lieutenant Whitside was listed as the first lieutenant of Company A with a brevet of major. Lieutenant Whitside's official statement of service indicates that he was awarded brevets to captain and major "for faithful and meritorious services" on 13 March 1865. It is likely that bestowal of those honors took two years before receiving Congressional approval, and many of the brevets awarded to officers following the Civil War have the same date, 13 March 1865.
Lieutenant Colonel Sturgis began annotating officers' highest brevet ranks on the monthly regimental returns nine months earlier, a practice that the Army eventually adopted formally by modifying the format of the regimental returns to include a column for brevet ranks. On the May 1866 return when Sturgis first began annotating brevets, twenty of the thirty-eight officers in the 6th Cavalry held brevet ranks, including two major generals, one brigadier general, four colonels, five lieutenant colonels, four majors, and four captains. One of the officers holding a brevet of major general was Colonel David Hunter, who had been listed as the colonel of the regiment since its inception five years earlier but had never joined or commanded the 6th Cavalry. Sturgis, the lieutenant colonel of the regiment, held a brevet of brigadier general and had been commanding the 6th Cavalry since joining it in October 1865. Captain August V. Kautz, the B Company captain, was listed as a brevet colonel, but two months later held the brevet rank of major general. Such honors were common at the end of the war, and were expected. The Civil War veteran that could not boast of a brevet came to be regarded as having failed in his duty. Historical accounts show that more than 2,200 regular army officers were awarded 4,000 brevets. James Fry, the Army's authority on brevets, wrote in 1877 that:
The government appeared not to know where to stop in the bestowal of these military honors, and no one who had earned reward, even in the smallest degree, was knowingly overlooked. Brevet shou